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Re-Understanding Media: Feminist Extensions of Marshall McLuhan

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The contributors to Re-Understanding Media advance a feminist version of Marshall McLuhan’s key text, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, repurposing his insight that ＂the medium is the message＂ for feminist ends. They argue that while McLuhan’s theory provides a falsely universalizing co

nception of the technological as a structuring form of power, feminist critics can take it up to show how technologies alter and determine the social experiences of race, gender, class, and sexuality. This volume showcases essays, experimental writings, and interviews from media studies scholars, ar

tists, activists, and those who work with and create technology. Among other topics, the contributors extend McLuhan’s discussion of transportation technology to the attics and cargo boxes that moved Black women through the Underground Railroad, apply McLuhan’s concept of media as extensions of huma

ns to analyze Tupperware as media of containment, and take up 3D printing as a feminist and decolonial practice. The volume demonstrates how power dynamics are built into technological media and how media can be harnessed for radical purposes. Contributors. Nasma Ahmed, Morehshin Allahyari, Sarah Ba

net-Weiser, Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Brooke Erin Duffy, Ganaele Langlois, Sara Martel, Shannon Mattern, Cait McKinney, Jeremy Packer, Craig Robertson, Sarah Sharma, Ladan Siad, Rianka Singh, Nicholas Taylor, Armond R. Towns, and Jennifer Wemigwans

Nationalism in a Transnational Age: Irrational Fears and the Strategic Abuse of Nationalist Pride

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Nationalism was declared to be dead too early. A postnational age was announced, and liberalism claimed to have been victorious by the end of the Cold War. At the same time postnational order was proclaimed in which transnational alliances like the European Union were supposed to become more impo

rtant in international relations. But we witnessed the rise a strong nationalism during the early 21st century instead, and right wing parties are able to gain more and more votes in elections that are often characterized by nationalist agendas. This volume shows how nationalist dreams and fears ali

ke determine politics in an age that was supposed to witness a rather peaceful coexistence by those who consider transnational ideas more valuable than national demands. It will deal with different case studies to show why and how nationalism made its way back to the common consciousness and which e

lements stimulated the re-establishment of the aggressive nation state. The volume will therefore look at the continuities of empire, actual and imagined, the role of foreign- and otherness for nationalist narratives, and try to explain how globalization stimulated the rise of 21st century nationali

sms as well.

以結構導向重組提高流感病毒血球凝集素之穩定性

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目錄誌謝 I目錄 III中文摘要 VIIAbstract VIIII. Introduction 1Influenza diseases and influenza viruses 1Role of HA in the virus life cycle 2The stability of HA 4The stability issue of HA protein in influenza vaccine production 5SCHEMA structure-guided recombination 7The aim of the study 9II. Mater

ial and Methods 11Non-contiguous SCHEMA recombination 11Cells and viruses 12Viral DNA and plasmid DNA 12Expression and His-tag affinity purification of recombinant HA1 proteins 13Circular dichroism (CD) measurement for HA1 thermal stability 14Expression of full-length HA constructs and Western

blotting analysis 14Immunofluorescence assay to detect the expression of HA 15Cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 15Hemagglutination assay 16Hemadsorption assay 17Thermal stability assay measured by loss of hemagglutination titer 17Purification of full-length HA protein for m

ice immunizations 17Mice immunizations 18H7N9 influenza virus challenges in mice 19Indirect ELISA assay to measure serum H7- and H3-specific IgG 19Serum microneutralization assay 20Statistical analyses 21III. Results 22Comparison of the stability of HA1 subunit from different subtype of infl

uenza viruses 22Non-contiguous SCHEMA recombination of H7-HA1 and H3-HA1 23The selection and stability analysis of six chimeric HA1s 24Generation of the full-length HA expression system 25Characterization and bioactivity assessments of parental and chimeric HAs 26Both FrB and FrC exhibit improv

ed thermal stability 28Both FrB and FrC proteins elicit high levels of neutralizing antibodies against H7N9 virus 29FrB and FrC protected the mice against the H7N9 virus infection 30Evaluation of cross-strain immunities elicited by SCHEMA-derived chimeric proteins 31IV. Discussion 34V. Refere

nces 42VI. Tables 53Table 1. HA strains used in this study. 53Table 2. Parental and SCHEMA-derived chimeric HA1s. 54VII. Figures 55Figure 1. Crystal structure of HA protein. 55Figure 2. Structural organization and conformational change of HA protein under acidic pH. 56Figure 3. Phylogeny of

HA from influenza A and B viruses. 58Figure 4. The concept of SCHEMA recombination. 59Figure 5. Expression of HA1 from different subtypes of influenza virus and analyzation of HA1 stability using Circular dichroism (CD). 60Figure 6. Non-contiguous SCHEMA recombination of H3-HA1 and H7-HA1. 62Fi

gure 7. The selection of six chimeric HA1s and the recombinant baculovirus constructions for expressing the parental and chimeric HA1s. 64Figure 8. Denaturation curves of parental and chimera HA1s. 66Figure 9. Display of recombinant HA protein on the baculovirus and insect cell surface. 67Figure

10. Recombinant baculovirus construction for the expression of full-length parental and chimeric HA proteins. 68Figure 11. Western blot analysis of the full-length HA constructs. 69Figure 12. Determination of cell-surface expression of HA constructs by immunofluorescence assay. 71Figure 13. Deter

mination of the localization of FrA, FrD, FrE, and FrF by immunofluorescence assay. 73Figure 14. Characterization of the chimeric HAs by H7 antibody recognition. 74Figure 15. Characterization of the chimeric HAs by hemagglutination assay. 75Figure 16. Hemadsorption observed from HA-Bac infected c

ells. 77Figure 17. Thermal hemagglutination assay to determine the stability of HAs. 79Figure 18. Determination of immunogenicity of stabilizing chimeric HAs. 80Figure 19. Determination of the vaccination efficacy of chimeric HAs to protect the immunized mice against the H7N9 virus infection. 83

Figure 20. Evaluation of the cross-strain immunogenicity (I): determination of H7-specific IgG. 84Figure 21. Evaluation of the cross-strain immunogenicity (II): determination of H3-specific IgG. 86Figure 22. Evaluation of the cross-strain immunogenicity (III): Microneutralization assay against H7N

9 and H3N2 influenza virus. 88Figure 23. Amino acid residues in block B that might contribute to the improved stability of FrB. 89Figure 24. Amino acid residues in block C that might contribute to the improved stability of FrC. 91Figure 25. The summarized workflow of using non-contiguous SCHEMA r

ecombination to generate thermal stabilizing HA antigens. 92VIII. Appendix 93