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Product Liability

為了解決All-terrain vehicle的問題，作者Fairgrieve, Duncan/ Goldberg, Richard S. 這樣論述：

Product Liability is a recognized authority in the field and covers the product liability laws through which manufacturers, retailers, and others may be held liable to compensate persons who are injured, or who incur financial loss, when the products which they manufacture or sell are defective or n

ot fit for their purpose. Product defects may originate in the production process, be one of design, or be grounded in a failure to issue an adequate warning or directions for safe use and practitioners advising business clients or claimants will find this book provides all the necessary information

for practitioners to manage a product liability claim.This new edition has been fully updated to take account of 10 years of development in case law and regulation, and the increasing impact of cross-border and transnational sale of goods. The Court of Justice of the European Union handed down majo

r rulings concerning the Product Liability Directive which affect the application of the Directive and national arrangements and Fairgrieve and Goldberg examines this in detail. For any legal practitioner operating in areas which require knowledge of European product liability law, an understanding

of the impact of recent developments is essential and this work is an essential resource for practitioners working on product liability, sale of goods, personal injury and negligence. The work provides comprehensive coverage of the law of negligence as it applies to product liability, of the strict

liability provisions of the Consumer Protection Act 1987, and of the EU's Product Liability Directive on which the Act is based. Although the majority of cases involve pharmaceuticals and medical devices, in recent English cases the allegedly defective products have been as diverse as a child's bugg

y, an All Terrain Vehicle, and even a coffee cup. Many cases are brought as group actions, and the book examines the rights of those who are injured by defective products. As well as considering the perspective of the law as it has developed in the UK, this edition contains detailed discussion of ca

se law from other jurisdictions including the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France and Germany. The coverage in the work is complemented by a full analysis of issues which arise in transnational litigation involving problems of jurisdiction and the choice of laws. Professor Duncan Fairgriev

e is Senior Fellow in Comparative Law at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London, and Professor of Comparative Law at Universit� Paris Dauphine PSL. He is also a barrister practising from 1 Crown Office Row, London. Richard S Goldberg is Chair in Law at Durham University P

rofessor Richard S Goldberg, Chair in Law, Durham Law School, Durham University, Solicitor

All-terrain vehicle進入發燒排行的影片

以Autoware實現自駕系統與實車驗證

為了解決All-terrain vehicle的問題，作者郭政玹 這樣論述：

隨著世界即將進入電動車時代，自駕車在蓬勃發展中，而在自駕系統中，資料來源的接收、處理及發送，各種模塊的整合更是自駕車能否成功運作的關鍵因素。除了各模塊單獨運作之外，在資訊的整合應用上也是一門學問；倘若依照傳統獨立設計各子系統的方式來建構自駕車系統，其在多感測資料的整合上將會相當複雜且困難。尤其在通道的設定上會有占用的問題，且若要額外新增或移除某些功能時，更需要重新設計整個系統的程式流程。此外，當系統某些部分遺失資訊或發生失效時，系統極有可能直接停擺，甚至使自駕車發生危險，而不是失去某一個功能這麼簡單而已。有鑑於此，本論文主要發展一套以Autoware來實現自駕系統與實車驗證，其目的在於清楚闡

述如何將各種不同的車用感知器，如光學雷達、車載影像鏡頭、差分率全球定位系統(DGPS)等設備進行整合，並實現於車載嵌入式系統。首先，本論文利用機器人操作系統(ROS)使感測元件彼此共享資料，解決通道衝突的問題，同時搭配Autoware的介面來建立自駕車整合系統的應用框架，其內容包含基於SLAM技術之高精地圖建置、車輛定位、路徑規畫、車輛控制等。此外，本論文亦整合一套車道線與道路環境物件辨識演算法於車規嵌入式系統中，其中利用LaneNet網路來實現車道線辨識，及Yolo v5網路架構來作為環境物件的辨識，最後透過Nvidia AGX嵌入式系統並搭配ROS系統實現系統整合與應用。最終本系統已實際搭

載於一輛市售實車上進行功能驗證，實現一套自主化的自駕系統。

One Cabin, One Cat, Three Years: One Couple’s Time in the Wilderness

為了解決All-terrain vehicle的問題，作者Marler, David/ Marler, Jeanne (ILT) 這樣論述：

In 2013 my wife, Jeanne, and I, she in her late sixties, I in my early seventies, set out to fulfill our long held dream of living in the woods for a year. Before leaving our home in the Eastern Townships of Quebec, I contacted the editors of Tempo, the monthly news magazine in the Town of Lac Br

ome (which I will refer to as "Lac Brome"), to enquire whether they would be interested in receiving reports of our progress in the endeavour. They said, "Yes." This book is based upon those articles.My original intention was to produce a work echoing the objectives of Thoreau who, in addition to de

scribing his daily life in his chosen wilderness, commented on the mores and politics of his time in his Walden. However, each time that I penned such a commentary, I realized that it detracted from the essence of our experience. The reaction to the Tempo articles proved that the unfolding of the ta

le of our daily lives was all that was required to engender intense interest and comment. Thus this memoir has to do exclusively with living in the woods. How It All Began We arrived in the mid-afternoon of June 15, 2013. The car and trailer were loaded to the gills. Scooter, our cat, lay sedated in

her cage. She does not like to travel and hates being in her cage. She, particularly, does not like the movement of the car if we are going over any sort of bump, bumps being inevitable on the thirty-five km of forestry roads we take once leaving the highway in La Tuque. The unloading of our stuff

and the carrying of it to the cabin was a major effort, all being by packsacks, boxes and bags. The parking spot on the track in is 350 m from the cabin. I made ten trips, thus round trips totaling 7,000 m, 3,500 of them loaded.We had decided that to be true to our wilderness endeavor, we would not

have a road excavated to the cabin. The ground, as was discovered during the building process, is too rough for anything other than a high clearance ATV (all-terrain vehicle). The track, from where we park the truck, which leads to the cabin, is a series of drops over rock ledges. Given the nature o

f the ground and that the ATVs and their trailers were generally fully- loaded, it was not surprising that two of them were wrecked during the building process. The carrying of immediately required articles and food accomplished, we then indulged in a soothing swim and returned to the cabin as enthu

sed and as excited as newlyweds. We opened a bottle of wine on the west-facing balcony, watched the sun set and rejoiced to see a pair of loons on the lake. Supper, then bed, exhausted but exhilarated. ********************For about as long as I have known Jeanne she has wanted to spend an entire ye

ar, three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days, in the woods. This is not motivated by a desire to be a hermit or because she is anti-social. To paraphrase Montaigne, she is quite content living a private life but that does not mean that she is unsuited to a public one. After all, she insisted, i

t is only for one year. When I asked, "Might it be that you would never come back?" she answered, "It's only for a year." I should immediately add that this was not to be a year alone. Jeanne insisted that I was part of the plan and was to go with her. I like to think that this was because she loves

me but if that was only part of the reason, for she would need a hewer of wood and fetcher of water, a man servant in the general sense, then I was content, for I need looking after myself and our lives have been inter-dependent since the day of our marriage which was over fifty years ago.Our adult

lives have been outwardly quite normal. I am a lawyer specializing in maritime law, meaning having to do with ships. Jeanne has been a school teacher, first at Westhill High School and then at the Convent of the Sacred heart, both in Montreal. She then embraced her childhood dream of being a ballet

dancer, which lead to her becoming a choreographer, teacher and performer of dance, first on the teaching staff of les Ballets Jazz de Montr al, then as owner of le Centre de Dance Jeanne Marler, which included an annual, international, two-week dance seminar with closing performance, called Focus

on Jazz. It attracted aspiring pre-professionals from around the world. At a certain point, she decided that if she could no longer physically perform the dance movements at the level which she had attained in her performance career, it was time to move on. She obtained a diploma from the New York S

chool of Interior Design and embarked upon that profession until she found it too commercially driven, the demands of the clients too often conflicting with Jeanne's sense of what was artistically and/or practically appropriate. She then opened a performing and fine arts camp for children and adoles

cents, set in the pristine hills and woods of Vermont, which she ran with great success for three years, until the property which she had leased became no longer available, due to the owner's intention to build a hotel on the site. In the mid-nineteen-nineties she turned to painting. Her sketches, o

il paintings and photography illuminate this book."But why in the woods?" many asked. Most Canadians think of going south rather than north for vacations or retirement. Only Jeanne might properly be able to answer that question. She is a spiritual person, very much in the Celtic tradition. When we g

o to the woods she becomes very quiet. On family vacations to wilderness locations, the children used to say, "That's it for talking to Mum. She will turn into a rock or a mushroom or something for as long as we are here". And so it was. On our departures from such places she often cried. We asked,

"What's the matter?" There would be no answer. I think it had and has simply to do with leaving places where her spirit finds its natural home.

產業用自主無人搬運車關鍵技術開發

為了解決All-terrain vehicle的問題，作者張祐豪 這樣論述：

本論文開發產業用自主無人搬運車導航控制，從底層搬運車機械結構、電機、感測器進行研討比較，為了達成無人化的車輛控制系統，將分析安裝在車體的感測器性能、精度校正，無人控制以整車控制系統VCU整合車輛進行運作，以PID控制轉向讓車輛控制更線性穩態，透過EKF融合輪速感測器與慣性測量儀，讓車輛姿態估計從非線性系統變成穩態系統，透過激光雷達以Cartographer建立已知地圖，並實時檢測無人搬運車周遭環境的障礙物，比對2D已知地圖的特徵，透過AMCL概率定位無人搬運車在地圖上的相對位置與方向，自主導航功能將分成：檢測地圖上搬運車能構行駛的區域、規劃出到下達目標點的最短路徑規劃，同時檢測周遭障礙物，規

劃出能夠閃躲路徑，避免無人搬運車碰撞，實驗平台為兩種不同尺寸的搬運車上，設計室內狹小空間與室外大場域的空間進行測試，實際測試將驗證EKF融合車輛姿態估計與原始感測計估計的姿態定位比較，實驗定位車輛在已知地圖上AMCL的穩定性，戶外運行當空曠時激光雷達無法比較周遭障礙物，讓定位失去功能，藉高精度RTKGPS做為參考使定位點，使定位穩定，導航功能優化路徑的平滑，驗證在不同場域中進行實驗，場域分別為：狹小走道、兩側皆有障礙物、轉彎處盲點，實驗自主導航的即時運算速度與避免碰撞的路徑規劃，驗證導航是能夠順利自主移動至目標點，而在未來無人搬運車應用於產業使用需有能夠管理龐大的多車協同系統，為後續研究發展的

規劃。