CC5的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列包括價格和評價等資訊懶人包

Springer Handbook of Automation

為了解決CC5的問題，作者Nof, Shimon Y. (EDT) 這樣論述：

Automation is undergoing a major transformation in scope and dimension and plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in our daily lives. Engineers combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of appl

ications and human activities. The Springer Handbook of Automation incorporates these new developments and presents a widespread and well-structured conglomeration of new emerging application areas of automation. Besides manufacturing as a primary application of automation, the handbook contains new

application areas such as medical systems and health, transportation, security and maintenance, service, construction and retail as well as production or logistics. This Springer Handbook is not only an ideal resource for automation experts but also for people new to this expanding field such as en

gineers, computer scientists, designers. It is edited by an internationally renowned and experienced expert.Chapters in Part A explain the significant influence of automation on our life, on individuals, organizations, and society, in economic terms and context, and impacts of precision, accuracy an

d reliability with automatic and automated equipment and operations. The theoretical and scientific knowledge about the human role in automation is covered in Part B from the human-oriented and human-centered aspects of automation to be applied and operated by humans, to the human role as supervisor

and intelligent controller of automation systems and platforms. This part concludes with analysis and discussion on the limits of automation to the best of our current understanding. Covering automation design from theory to building automation machines, systems, and systems-of-systems, Part C expl

ains the fundamental elements of mechatronics, sensors, robots, and other components useful for automation, and how they are combined with control and automation software, including models and techniques for automation software engineering, and the automation of the design process itself. Chapters i

n Part D cover the basic design requirements for the automation and illustrate examples of how the challenging issues can be solved for the deign and integration of automation with respect to its main purpose: Continuous and discrete processes and industries, design techniques, criteria and algorith

ms for flow lines, and integrated automation. Concluding this part is the design for safety of automation, and of automation for safety. The main aspects of automation management are covered by the chapters in Part E: Cost effectiveness and economic reasons for the design, feasibility analysis, impl

ementation, rationalization, use, and maintenance of particular automation; performance and functionality measures and criteria. Related also are the issues of how to manage automatically and control maintenance, replacement, and upgrading. Part F, industrial automation, begins with explanation of m

achine tool automation, including various types of numerical control (NC), flexible, and precision machinery for production, manufacturing, and assembly, digital and virtual industrial production, to detailed design, guidelines and application of automation in the principal industries, from aerospac

e and automotive to semi-conductor, mining, food, paper and wood industries. Chapters are also devoted to the design, control and operation of functions common to all industrial automation. Infrastructures and service automation are covered in Part G and it is explained how automation is designed, s

elected, integrated, justified and applied, its challenges and emerging trends in those areas and in the construction of structures, roads and bridges; of smart buildings, smart roads and intelligent vehicles; cleaning of surfaces, tunnels and sewers; land, air, and space transportation; information

, knowledge, learning, training, and library services; and in sports and entertainment. Automation in medical and healthcare systems is covered in Part H and shows the exponential penetration and main contributions of automation to the health and medical well being of individuals and societies. Firs

t, the scientific and theoretical foundations of control and automation in biological and biomedical systems and mechanisms are explained, then specific areas are described and analyzed. Available, proven, and emerging automation techniques in healthcare delivery and elimination of hospital and othe

r medical errors are also addressed. Finally, Part I, Home, Office, and Enterprise Automation is about functional automation areas at home, in the office, and in general enterprises, including multi-enterprise networks. Chapters also cover the automation theories, techniques and practice, design, op

eration, challenges and emerging trends in education and learning, banking, commerce. An important dimension of the material compiled for this part is that it is useful for all other functional areas of automation. The concluding part of this Springer Handbook contains figures and tables with statis

tical information and summaries about automation applications and impacts in four main areas: industrial automation, service automation, healthcare automation, and financial and e-commerce automation. A rich list of associations and of periodical publications around the world that focus on automatio

n in its variety of related fields is also included for the benefit of readers worldwide. Throughout the 94 chapters, divided into ten main parts, with 124 tables, 1005 figures, the 168 co-authors present proven knowledge, original analysis, best practices and authoritative expertise. Plenty of case

studies, creative examples and unique illustrations, covering topics of automation from the basics and fundamentals to advanced techniques, cases and theories will serve the readers and benefit the students and researchers, engineers and managers, Shimon Y. Nof is Professor of Industrial Enginee

ring at Purdue University, since 1977, and Director of the NSF and industry funded PRISM Center for Production, Robotics, and Integration Software for Manufacturing & Management (established 1991) whose motto is: ＂Knowledge Through Information, Wisdom Through Collaboration＂ and the PGRN, PRISM Globa

l Research Network. He earned his BSc and MSc in Industrial Engineering & Management, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, specializing in human-machine systems; his PhD in Industrial & Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, specializing in automation of facilities design; Dr. h.c. fro

m the University of Sibiu, Romania. He has over eight years of experience in full-time industrial and governmental positions, and has been a visiting professor at MIT and at universities in Chile, Europe, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, and Mexico. Currently, he is the President of IFPR, the International

Foundation of Production Research, he served as IFPR Secretary General during 1993-2007; recent Chair, Coordinating Committee on Manufacturing and Logistics Systems (CC5) of IFAC, the International Federation of Automatic Control. Professor Nof pioneered knowledge-based computer-aided facility desi

gn and control models, robot ergonomics, and collaborative control theory. Professor Nof is the author, co-author and editor of ten books, including the Handbook of Industrial Robotics 1st and 2nd editions, the International Encyclopedia of Robotics, Information and Collaboration Models of Integrati

on, and Industrial Assembly. In addition, he has published over 130 refereed journal articles and over 300 conference articles and book chapters. Among his honors, he is a Fellow of The Institute of Industrial Engineering, recipient of the Joseph Engelberger Award and Medal for Robotics Education, a

nd Member of the Inaugural Book of Great Teachers of Purdue University. He is the editor of the new Springer Book Series on ACES, Automation, Collaboration, and E-Services.

CC5進入發燒排行的影片

探討銅離子於尿道致病性奇異變形桿菌中表面移行與抗氧化壓力所扮演的角色及其銅解毒系統

為了解決CC5的問題，作者黃偉軒 這樣論述：

銅，為生命必須微量元素，但累績過多卻也對細胞造成氧化傷害。因此，細菌演化出銅解毒系統嚴格調控體內銅含量。革蘭氏陰性的Proteus mirabilis為臨床常見的尿道致病菌，常伺機感染長期植入尿導管的病人。研究發現人體泌尿道感染時，尿銅濃度顯著增加作為抵禦病菌的武器。因此，本文的目的欲探討銅對於P. mirabilis毒力因子的影響。我們發現在不影響生長的1 mM銅濃度下可抑制P. mirabilis的表面移行能力，泳動、溶血素、尿素酶與細胞分化也受到抑制，但提升生物膜生成能力。此外，低濃度的銅則提升抗氧化能力，但不影響藥物感受性。　　我們利用transcriptome搭配蛋白質直系同源群(

COGs)分析，發現參與細胞分化的基因中cueO受銅induce最多，為了探討CueO對於P. mirabilis表面移行是否扮演角色，我們先過度表現cueO發現移行能力與細胞分化受抑制，之後構築cueO突變株，分析其與野生株在表現型的差異。結果顯示cueO突變株的表面移行與細胞分化提升，泳動、鞭毛生成、生物膜生成、尿素酶活性與尿結石生成能力與野生株並無差異，而抗氧化能力則顯著下降。此結果顯示CueO不參與在銅抑制鞭毛表現的路徑，但是參與P. mirabilis細胞分化。已有研究顯示UPEC與Pseudomonas aeruginosa中CueO與Fe3+ permease共同參與Fe2+的攝

取調控。UPEC cueO缺失造成Fe2+累積且UPEC與Salmonella cueO缺失皆導致對H2O2感受性提升。我們推論cueO突變株的抗氧化能力下降可能肇因於細菌體內Fe2+累積，也暗示P. mirabilis cueO在鐵攝取可能扮演角色。　　已有許多研究顯示，當細菌遇到外界銅壓力時，CueR結合Cu+活化並提升cueO及copA的表現，CopA為P-type ATPase將Cu+ pump out periplasm，再由CueO將Cu+氧化為毒性較低的Cu2+。為了探討P. mirabilis是否也具有這樣的調控路徑，我們用real-time PCR證明1 mM銅環境下copA

與cueO基因表現增加，兩者的promoter活性在有銅環境下也顯著提升。最後，利用實驗室前人建構的cueR跳躍子突變株證明銅透過CueR的參與正調控copA與cueO。　　總結，當外界出現銅壓力，P. mirabilis透過CueR提升cue銅解毒系統cueO與copA基因表現進而緩解銅毒性，cueO增加抑制細胞分化，銅壓力則可能透過其他路徑抑制flhDC表現導致表面移行能力下降。CueO在P. mirabilis除了緩解銅毒性也對抗氧化能力扮演角色，不排除在鐵攝取調控也扮演角色。