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Edison

為了解決Electric lamp的問題，作者Morris, Edmund 這樣論述：

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - From Pulitzer Prize-winning author Edmund Morris comes a revelatory new biography of Thomas Alva Edison, the most prolific genius in American history.NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY Time - Publishers Weekly - Kirkus ReviewsAlthough Thomas Alva Edison was the mo

st famous American of his time, and remains an international name today, he is mostly remembered only for the gift of universal electric light. His invention of the first practical incandescent lamp 140 years ago so dazzled the world--already reeling from his invention of the phonograph and dozens o

f other revolutionary devices--that it cast a shadow over his later achievements. In all, this near-deaf genius ("I haven't heard a bird sing since I was twelve years old") patented 1,093 inventions, not including others, such as the X-ray fluoroscope, that he left unlicensed for the benefit of medi

cine. One of the achievements of this staggering new biography, the first major life of Edison in more than twenty years, is that it portrays the unknown Edison--the philosopher, the futurist, the chemist, the botanist, the wartime defense adviser, the founder of nearly 250 companies--as fully as it

deconstructs the Edison of mythological memory. Edmund Morris, winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, brings to the task all the interpretive acuity and literary elegance that distinguished his previous biographies of Theodore Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan, and Ludwig van Beethoven. A

trained musician, Morris is especially well equipped to recount Edison's fifty-year obsession with recording technology and his pioneering advances in the synchronization of movies and sound. Morris sweeps aside conspiratorial theories positing an enmity between Edison and Nikola Tesla and presents

proof of their mutually admiring, if wary, relationship. Enlightened by seven years of research among the five million pages of original documents preserved in Edison's huge laboratory at West Orange, New Jersey, and privileged access to family papers still held in trust, Morris is also able to bri

ng his subject to life on the page--the adored yet autocratic and often neglectful husband of two wives and father of six children. If the great man who emerges from it is less a sentimental hero than an overwhelming force of nature, driven onward by compulsive creativity, then Edison is at last get

ting his biographical due. Edmund Morris was born and educated in Kenya and attended college in South Africa. He worked as an advertising copywriter in London before immigrating to the United States in 1968. His first book, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, won the Pulitzer Prize and the National B

ook Award in 1980. Its sequel, Theodore Rex, won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography in 2001. In between these two books, Morris became President Reagan’s authorized biographer and wrote the national bestseller Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan. He then completed his trilogy on the life o

f the twenty-sixth president with Colonel Roosevelt, also a bestseller, and has published Beethoven: The Universal Composer and This Living Hand and Other Essays. Edison is his final work of biography. He was married to fellow biographer Sylvia Jukes Morris for fifty-two years. Edmund Morris died i

n 2019.

Electric lamp進入發燒排行的影片

用於高性能超級電容器和無負極鋰金屬電池的碳基和聚合物基複合電解質

為了解決Electric lamp的問題，作者Haylay Ghidey Redda 這樣論述：

尋找具有高容量、循環壽命、效率和能量密度等特性的新型材料，是超級電容器和鋰金屬電池等綠色儲能裝置的首要任務。然而，安全挑戰、比容量和自體放電低、循環壽命差等因素限制了其應用。為了克服這些挑戰，我們設計的系統結合垂直排列的碳奈米管 (Vertical-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes, VACNT)、塗佈在於VACNT 的氧化鈦、活性材料的活性炭、凝膠聚合物電解質的隔膜以及用於綠色儲能裝置的電解質。透過此研究，因其易於擴大規模、低成本、提升安全性的特性，將允許新的超級電容器和電池設計，進入電動汽車、電子產品、通信設備等眾多潛在市場。於首項研究中，作為雙電層電容器 (Electr

ic Double-Layer Capacitor, EDLC) 的電極，碳奈米管 (VACNTs) 透過熱化學氣相沉積 (Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition, CVD) 技術，在 750 ℃ 下成功地垂直排列生長於不銹鋼板 (SUS) 基板上。此過程使用Al (20 nm) 為緩衝層、Fe (5 nm) 為催化劑層，以利VACNTs/SUS生長。為提高 EDLC 容量，我們在氬氣、氣氛中以 TiO2 為靶材，使用射頻磁控濺射技術 (Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering, RFMS) 將 TiO2 奈米顆粒的金紅石相沉積到 V

ACNT 上，過程無需加熱基板。接續進行表徵研究，透過掃描電子顯微鏡 (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM)、能量色散光譜 (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDS)、穿透式電子顯微鏡 (Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM)、拉曼光譜 (Raman Spectroscopy) 和 X 光繞射儀 (X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) 對所製備的 VACNTs/SUS 和 TiO2/VACNTs/SUS 進行研究。根據實驗結果，奈米碳管呈現隨機取向並且大致垂直於SUS襯底的表面。由拉

曼光譜結果顯示VACNTs表面上的 TiO2 晶體結構為金紅石狀 (rutile) 。於室溫下使用三電極配置系統在 0.1 M KOH 水性電解質溶液中通過循環伏安法 (Cyclic Voltammetry, CV) 和恆電流充放電，評估具有 VACNT 和 TiO2/VACANT 複合電極的 EDLC 的電化學性能。電極材料的電化學測量證實，在 0.01 V/s 的掃描速率下，與純 VANCTs/SUS (606) 相比，TiO2/VACNTs/SUS 表現出更高的比電容 (1289 F/g) 。用金紅石狀 TiO2 包覆 VACNT 使其更穩定，並有利於 VACNT 複合材料的side w

ells。VACNT/SUS上呈金紅石狀的TiO2 RFMS沉積擁有巨大表面積，很適合應用於 EDLC。在次項研究，我們聚焦在開發用於柔性固態超級電容器 (Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor, FSSC) 的新型凝膠聚合物電解質。透過製備活性炭 (Activated Carbon, AC) 電極的柔性 GPE (Gel Polymer Electrolytes) 薄膜，由此提升 FSSC 的電化學穩定性。GPE薄膜含有1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfony)imide, poly (vin

ylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene) (EMIM TFSI) with Li1.5Al0.33Sc0.17Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LASGP)作為FSSC的陶瓷填料應用。並使用掃描式電子顯微鏡 (SEM)、X 光繞射、傅立葉轉換紅外光譜 (Fourier-Transform Infrared, FTIR)、熱重力分析 (ThermoGravimetric Analysis, TGA) 和電化學測試，針對製備的 GPE 薄膜的表面形貌、微觀結構、熱穩定性和電化學性能進行表徵研究。由SEM 證實，隨著將 IL (Ionic Liquid) 添加到主體聚合

物溶液中，成功生成具光滑和均勻孔隙表面的均勻相。XRD圖譜表明PVDF-HFP共混物具有半結晶結構，其無定形性質隨著EMIM TFSI和LASGP陶瓷填料的增加而提升。因此GPE 薄膜因其高離子電導率 (7.8 X 10-2 S/cm)、高達 346 ℃ 的優異熱穩定性和高達 8.5 V 的電化學穩定性而被用作電解質和隔膜 ( -3.7 V 至 4.7 V) 在室溫下。令人感到興趣的是，採用 LASGP 陶瓷填料的 FSSC 電池具有較高的比電容(131.19 F/g)，其對應的比能量密度在 1 mA 時達到 (30.78 W h/ kg) 。這些結果表明，帶有交流電極的 GPE 薄膜可以成為

先進奈米技術系統和 FSSC 應用的候選材料。最終，是應用所製備的新型凝膠聚合物電解質用於無陽極鋰金屬電池 (Anode-Free Lithium Metal Battery, AFLMB)。此種新方法使用凝膠聚合物電解質獲得 AFLMB 所需電化學性能，該電解質夾在陽極和陰極表面上，是使用刮刀技術製造14 ~ 20 µm 超薄薄膜。凝膠聚合物電解質由1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide 作為離子液體 (IL), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene

) (PVDF-HFP)作為主體聚合物組成，在無 Li1.5Al0.33Sc0.17Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LASGP) 作為陶瓷填料的情況下，採用離子-液體-聚合物凝膠法 (ionic-liquid-polymer gelation) 製備。在 25℃ 和 50℃ 的 Li+/Li 相比，具有 LASGP 陶瓷填料的 GPE 可提供高達5.22×〖10〗^(-3) S cm-1的離子電導率，電化學穩定性高達 5.31 V。改良的 AFLMB於 0.2 mA/cm2 和50℃ 進行 65 次循環後，仍擁有優異的 98.28 % 平均庫侖效率和 42.82 % 的可逆容量保持率。因此，使用這種

陶瓷填料與基於離子液體的聚合物電解質相結合，可以進一步證明凝膠狀電解質在無陽極金屬鋰電池中的實際應用。

Edison

為了解決Electric lamp的問題，作者Morris, Edmund 這樣論述：

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - From Pulitzer Prize-winning author Edmund Morris comes a revelatory new biography of Thomas Alva Edison, the most prolific genius in American history.NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY Time - Publishers Weekly - Kirkus ReviewsAlthough Thomas Alva Edison was the

most famous American of his time, and remains an international name today, he is mostly remembered only for the gift of universal electric light. His invention of the first practical incandescent lamp 140 years ago so dazzled the world--already reeling from his invention of the phonograph and dozen

s of other revolutionary devices--that it cast a shadow over his later achievements. In all, this near-deaf genius ("I haven't heard a bird sing since I was twelve years old") patented 1,093 inventions, not including others, such as the X-ray fluoroscope, that he left unlicensed for the benefit of m

edicine. One of the achievements of this staggering new biography, the first major life of Edison in more than twenty years, is that it portrays the unknown Edison--the philosopher, the futurist, the chemist, the botanist, the wartime defense adviser, the founder of nearly 250 companies--as fully as

it deconstructs the Edison of mythological memory. Edmund Morris, winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, brings to the task all the interpretive acuity and literary elegance that distinguished his previous biographies of Theodore Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan, and Ludwig van Beethoven

. A trained musician, Morris is especially well equipped to recount Edison's fifty-year obsession with recording technology and his pioneering advances in the synchronization of movies and sound. Morris sweeps aside conspiratorial theories positing an enmity between Edison and Nikola Tesla and prese

nts proof of their mutually admiring, if wary, relationship. Enlightened by seven years of research among the five million pages of original documents preserved in Edison's huge laboratory at West Orange, New Jersey, and privileged access to family papers still held in trust, Morris is also able to

bring his subject to life on the page--the adored yet autocratic and often neglectful husband of two wives and father of six children. If the great man who emerges from it is less a sentimental hero than an overwhelming force of nature, driven onward by compulsive creativity, then Edison is at last

getting his biographical due.

LED光質和溫室披覆材料對萵苣生長之影響

為了解決Electric lamp的問題，作者蔡竣宇 這樣論述：

萵苣（Lactuca sativa L.）屬菊科一年生草本植物，品種多，生長型態和特徵亦不同，葉色一般可分為深紅色、紅色和綠色三種。本研究首先探討紅光（R）、藍光（B）、綠光（G）和黃光（Y）四種不同光質LED（Light-emitting diode, LED），以120 µmole‧m-2‧s-1光強度及1000 ppm二氧化碳濃度，探討對綠葉波士頓萵苣（Boston lettuce）和紅葉紫艷萵苣（Ziyan Lettuces）兩種品種之生長和光合作用效率之影響。試驗15天後，兩種萵苣葉片外觀型態些微不同外，波斯頓萵苣生長量以綠光處理最高；紫艷萵苣生長量以紅光和綠光處理較高，藍光可促進

轉色。以20、40、60、80、100及120 µmole‧m-2‧s-1六種不同光強度與400、600、800、1000、1200及1400ppm 六種二氧化碳濃度下，於四種不同光質下之兩種萵苣的光合作用效率，波斯頓萵苣於光強度為100及120 µmole‧m-2‧s-1且二氧化碳濃度為1200及1400 ppm時，綠光有最高光合作用效率；紫艷萵苣於光強度120 µmole‧m-2‧s-1且二氧化碳濃度為1000ppm以上時，則以紅光有最高光合作用效率。三種光質不同比例混合之結果，波斯頓萵苣以紅藍綠混光RBG（R 32% + B 48 % + G 20 %）和紫艷萵苣以紅藍黃混光RBY（R

36% + B 54 % + Y 10 %）有最高的光合作用效率；植株生長量、葉片型態、硝酸鹽含量和電功率消耗，波斯頓萵苣於紅藍綠（RBG）混光處理，葉片型態較緊密，且呈色較深，雖生長量較綠光（G）和白光（W）低，但硝酸鹽含量且電功率消耗較低；紫艷萵苣於紅藍黃（RBY）混光，葉片呈色較深，生長量與紅光（R）比較並無顯著差異，但硝酸鹽含量且電功率消耗較低，兩種品種萵苣皆適用於消費者利用。以不同化學成分及配方比例，分別製成G4、G4+5%LDPE和G4+10%LDPE等三種披覆膜，結果於可見光波段透光率和拉伸強度以G4+5%LDPE較高，拉伸延展性和溫室降溫效果則以G4+10%LDPE較高，作物生

長量，波斯頓萵苣以G4披覆膜，紫艷萵苣以G4+5%LDPE最高，顯示兩種萵苣栽培適合之披覆膜並不相同。未來於植物工廠內可選用適宜的光照模式，以及適合化學材料所開發之披覆膜，改善溫室內適合作物生長之微氣候，以提高作物產量並讓消費者在食品安全上有更好的保障。