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環境酸鹼值對於阿拉伯界缺鐵反應的協調

為了解決Fit1 5的問題，作者高千譚 這樣論述：

Soil pH plays an important role in determining the availability of nutrients for plants. One of the essential micronutrients, iron (Fe), governs the composition of natural plant communities and limits crop yield in agricultural ecosystems due to its extremely low availability in most soils, particu

larly at alkaline pH. The ability to mobilize sparingly soluble Fe is a determining factor for tolerance to calcareous soil. To extract sufficient Fe from the soil under such conditions, some plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), secrete Fe-mobilizing compounds, which mobilize Fe hyd

roxides by reduction and chelation. However, limited information is available regarding the regulation of pH-mediated response of Fe-responsive genes and the regulation of coumarin biosynthesis. By studying the ectocipally expressed IRONMAN peptides IMA1 and IMA2, I investigated their role in improv

ing plant growth on calcareous soil by inducing the biosynthesis and secretion of the catecholic coumarin fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin). This is achieved via increased expression of MYB72 and SCOPOLETIN 8-HYDROXYLASE (S8H), a response that is strictly dependent on elevated environmental

pH (pHe). The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP82C4, which is downregulated at elevated pH, was identified as a possible switch of the endproducts of the coumarin biosynthetic pathway. Luciferase reporter assays in transiently transformed protoplasts showed that IMA1/IMA2 peptides are translated to modula

te the expression of CYP82C4 and MYB72, representative components of the acidic and circumneutral responses, respectively. Further, the C-terminus of IMA peptides was found to be essential for enhanced coumarin production and secretion. I concluded that IMA peptides regulate processes supporting Fe

uptake at both acidic and elevated pH by controlling gene expression upstream of or in concert with a putative pHe signal, adapting the plant to prevailing edaphic conditions. Altering the expression of IMA peptides provides a route for generating plants adapted to calcareous soils.

鐵衡定上的新穎調控分子在生物營養強化與重金屬汙染植生復育的應用

為了解決Fit1 5的問題，作者謝蕊娜 這樣論述：

Micronutrient malnourishment is a serious problem in the developing nations especially among young children and pregnant women. One major concern is iron (Fe) deficiency which is a prevalent health disorder and almost 2 billion people worldwide are affected by this. Prolonged Fe deficiency results

in Iron Deficiency Anemia. Micronutrient supplements, medicines and food diversification can abate severity of the condition but due to geographical or financial competence such treatments may not be available to everyone. Moreover, Fe-fortification of food is difficult because soluble Fe is unstabl

e which alters the food taste and insoluble Fe is non-bioavailable and poorly absorbed. This reinforces the necessity for better interpretation of how plants acquire and process Fe as plants are the principal source of dietary Fe. Hence, the implementation of genetic biofortification of crops appear

to be a self-emerged, rapid and simple solution. For successful Fe biofortification the molecular components and signaling networks involved in Fe acquisition from soil and transportation to destitute parts of plants are required to be studied comprehensively. Fe is abundant in environment but the

availability in soil is limited, hence Fe acquisition is crucial. IRT1 (IRON REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1), transport Fe from soil, is most downstream gene in Fe signaling pathway. IRT1 was targeted to identify novel regulators involved in Fe homeostasis as IRT1 has broad substrate specificity under Fe d

eficient conditions and it can also uptake divalent heavy metals like Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni which affects plant growth and development. In order to alleviate IRT1 non-specificity and enhance Fe specificity to balance Fe homeostasis IRT1 promoter driven luciferase (PIRT1:LUC) construct was used for genetic

screening. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant iron deficiency tolerant1 (idt1) was identified which can accumulate 4-7 times higher amounts of Fe than wild-type and exhibits the metal tolerance and iron accumulation (Metina) phenotype. The C to T transition mutation resulting in an alanine to valin

e substitution at amino acid position 320 of bHLH34 (IDT1A320V) is responsible for the dominant phenotype. The idt1 possesses constitutive activation of Fe regulatory pathway. Overexpression of IDT1A320V in Arabidopsis leads to the Metina phenotype and constitutive activation of IDT1A320V protein. C

onsequently, this allele controls upstream Fe homeostasis signaling pathway. The region of mutation is conserved among different agronomic species and expressing IDT1A320V in Nicotiana tabacum have escalated specificity towards Fe accumulation and enhanced tolerance to Cd. Similar results have found

in rice transgenic lines showing higher Fe accumulation. Enhanced accumulation of Fe can serve in Fe-biofortification of edible crops. Moreover, its tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals in tobacco can aid the development of tools for phytoremediation of contaminants.