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Production and Commercialization of Insects as Food and Feed: Identification of the Main Constraints in the European Union

為了解決Missing Constraints 的問題，作者Montanari, Francesco,Pinto de Moura, Ana,Miguel Cunha, Luís 這樣論述：

​Forecasts point out an exponential growth in the global population, which raises concerns over the ability of the current agri-food production systems to meet food demand in the long term. Such a prospect has led international organizations and the scientific community to raise awareness about,

and call for, the need to identify additional sources of food to feed the world. From this perspective, insects qualify as a suitable and more environmentally friendly alternative to meat and other foods that are sourced from animal proteins. However, uptake of the production and commercialization o

f insects as food has been facing regulatory hurdles, consumer skepticism and rejection in many markets. This is particularly true in the context of western societies in which insects do not always constitute part of the local traditional diets.Production and Commercialization of Insects as Food and

Feed: identification of the Main Constraints in the European Union analyses and discusses the regulatory state-of-the-art for the production and commercialization of insects as food and feed in the European Union. The EU has been taking concrete legislative steps with a view to opening up its marke

t for insect foods, although some key regulatory constraints still exist today which ultimately prevent the industry sector from growing, consolidating and thriving. The main regulatory constraints in the EU for insects as food include the fragmentation of the EU market as a result of the adoption o

f different policy solutions by EU Member States for novel foods and the lengthy and complex authorization procedures. Also, ad hoc safety and quality requirements tailored to the needs and specificities of the insect food sector are currently missing.This work constitutes the first comprehensive ov

erview of the evolution and current state-of-the-art of the regulatory framework for insect foods in the EU, based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines science, policy and law. It proposes a legislative roadmap which the EU should follow in order to make its regulatory framework fit for ins

ect foods in the long term by providing a detailed comparison between the current EU legal framework and other regulatory systems of western countries with a view to singling out the markets which are better equipped to address the production and the commercialization of insect foods. The text provi

des an updated overview of the overall market and of European consumers’ perspectives on the use of insect foods. With the proper legislative steps and consolidation, the EU can be a global leader for insects as food and feed both as a market and as a standard-setting body.

Read It Before You Eat It: Taking You from Label to Table

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為了解決Missing Constraints 的問題，作者Taub-Dix, Bonnie 這樣論述：

Food shopping can be so confusing and sometimes...downright misleading Don't you agree? As a dietitian nutritionist, I love the approach of buying all of your food from food companies that purely have your particular needs in mind, but I also recognize that most of us face real-world constraints on

our diets. Sure, it would be great to go to the farmers' market to pick up a freshly baked loaf of whole-grain bread, but realistically speaking, it's more likely that I'll swing by the grocery store for a loaf of a packaged pre-sliced type of bread. Once I'm there, I'll confront a shelf full of br

eads with packages that make all kinds of claims about how healthy they are, but how do you know which one will be best for you and your family? This book is meant to help you determine the best foods to buy by enlisting the aid of a powerful weapon that can help you succeed in meeting your personal

needs while cutting through the confusion- and that's the food label. The label has been there for years, right in front of you, but you may have ignored it. I understand. And believe me, you're not alone. Labels can be misleading, full of terms you don't know. You might think that since labels are

carefully regulated there would be no room for misinterpretation about what goes on the package . . . right? Wrong. Labels are not just about government regulations and definitions, they are about educating and enticing consumers. But there are certain circumstances where the facts get twisted and

additional interpretation is necessary. I try to guide people by helping them to think of food in a different light: Each bite they eat will have a purpose and appear somewhere in their bodies. Whether it's to repair cells and tissues, give energy, or expand a waistline, the foods we eat have a vari

ety of functions. And in my opinion, it's not obsessive if at breakfast time you're thinking ahead to what you're going to be eating for lunch or deciding what you're cooking for dinner. By coordinating your meals and planning ahead, you can balance out your day and assure that you're not going to o

verdo anything or be missing out on key nutrients your body needs. I can't even count the number of times a patient said to me, "I wish I could take you food shopping with me." They want me to help them translate what's on the label and cut through the confusion so they can make a quick, healthy dec

ision about the best foods to buy. Since I can't actually go to the store with you, I will walk with you up and down the aisles of your supermarket and help explain confusing statements and deceptive labels on some of the products you've been purchasing for years. Moreover, I'll enable you to become

skilled at separating fact from fiction by uncovering some of the most popular food myths that are highlighted by media hype, geared toward selling sound bites instead of sound advice. So, this is what makes my book stand out from the rest: unlike food activists that just tell you what to do becaus

e they say so, Read It Before You Eat It will give you the opportunity to shop with me, a registered dietitian nutritionist who will take your individual needs into consideration. I'm not going to tell you what to do just because I said so - I'm going to give you the tools to help you decide which f

oods are best based upon a combo of science and common sense. After reading this book, you may not read the label on every product you purchase, but I'll bet you will flip over more packages than you did before to look at all sides of the box, not just the flashy front of the package, knowing that i

f you decide to spend your hard-earned money on a food, there's got to be a good reason why you chose that particular item. I hope that Read It Before You Eat It will help you navigate the aisles efficiently, safely, and healthfully. Thanks for letting me come shopping with you. I'd love for you to

fill your cart with food you'll feel proud to take from their BONNIE TAUB-DIX, MA, RDN, CDN is the award-winning author of, Read It Before You Eat It, and creator of the website and blog called, BetterThanDieting.com. Bonnie is a media personality, spokesperson, motivational speaker, nutrition inf

luencer, journalist, and corporate and brand consultant whose messages are laced with her culinary passion as a foodie, her credible guidance as an advisor and her wit and wisdom as a mom. Bonnie is Director and Owner of BTD Nutrition Consultants, LLC, with offices on Long Island and in New York Cit

y. She has decades of extensive media experience (broadcast, online, print, social), where she has shared her expertise through outlets including: TODAY Show, Martha Stewart Radio, New York Times, Washington Post, USA Today and a vast range of magazines and websites. Her favorite pastime is cooking

in the kitchen with her family! Even more important than some subjects you learn in school...Bonnie has set an example when setting her table by teaching her kids that nutritious and delicious can exist on the same plate. On a personal note, Bonnie is grateful to be able to do what she loves every d

ay and she takes pride in being referred to as, ＂genuine,＂ ＂sincere,＂ ＂reliable,＂ and ＂professional.＂ She is married and has three sons, a daughter-in-law and a grandson...all foodies! Website: www.BetterThanDieting.com Twitter: @eatsmartbd Facebook: http: //facebook.com/BonnieTaubDix.RDN Instagram:

@Bonnietaubdix Pinterest: bonnietaubdix Join the BetterThanDieting community: bit.ly/fCeEuT

基於單影像之六自由度物體姿態估測

為了解決Missing Constraints 的問題，作者洪金利 這樣論述：

Dealing with the object pose estimation from a single RGB image is very challenging since 6 degree-of-freedom (6DoF) parameters have to be predicted without using the spatial depth information. Since direct regression of the pose parameters by using the deep neural network was reportedly poor and t

hen attaching with the refinement module to improve the accuracy causes much time consumption, in this work, we propose several techniques of top-down or bottom-up approaches to predict indirect feature maps instead from which single or multiple object poses can be recovered by using sophisticated p

ost-processing algorithms.Since there are four possible scenarios where single/multiple objects in the same/different classes can appear in the image, the corresponding output feature maps are predicted differently. For a single object scenario, unit-vector fields are predicted. These features are c

omposed of many unit-vectors pointing from pixels within the object mask to the pre-defined 2D object keypoints where their corresponding 3D object keypoints are distributed optimally on the 3D object surface based on the keypoint distances and object surface curvatures. From some pairs of the predi

cted unit-vectors, 2D projected keypoints can be voted and determined, so that PnP algorithm can be applied to estimate the pose. To deal with multiple objects even in the same or different classes, sufficient and informative output feature maps need to be predicted. Different from object keypoints,

6D coordinate maps which form the main features can be considered as a bunch of 3D point clouds for pose parameter calculation when their 2D-3D correspondences are also established. 6D coordinate maps contains two parts: front- and rear-view 3D coordinate maps. 3D coordinate map is actually a 2D ma

p where each pixel records 3D coordinates of a point in the object CAD model which projects to that 2D pixel location. Via 3D/6D coordinate maps, instance 2D-3D correspondences of a large point set can be built and PnP algorithm combined with RANSAC scheme to overcome the outliers or noise can be us

ed to estimate multiple object poses. Even though in this case, 2D object keypoints can no longer be used to estimate multiple poses, they can be defined as single/multiple reference points for identifying all object instance masks even in the presence of heavy occlusion. We are also interested in o

vercoming some problems related to the missing information and symmetry ambiguity encountered when generating the ground truth of 6D coordinate maps.Our studies show that our single pose estimation method using unit-vector fields can achieve an outstanding accuracy if compared to other top-down stat

e-of-the-art methods without including refinement modules. It has a good algorithm to identify the designated object keypoints from which the predicted feature maps are trained with the effective loss functions, but it has a slower inference speed when multiple object poses are taken into considerat

ion. On the other hand, our 6D coordinate maps, combining with the information from two opposite views, are capable of providing more constraints for network optimization and hence helpful for pose estimation accuracy. Our methods using 6D coordinate maps can achieve great performances if compared t

o other multiple object pose estimation methods.