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Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 6: Radiative Transfer, Light Scattering, and Remote Sensing

為了解決Ocean vector的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Alexander Kokhanovsky graduated in 1983 in Theoretical Physics (The Department of Physics, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus); the main topics of his thesis were the solution of the vector radiative transfer equation for the case of chiral light scattering media. Particular attention was g

iven to the study of the properties of radiation in deep layers of turbid media. The phase and extinction matrices have been calculated using the Maxwell theory for chiral spheres. In 1983, Dr. Kokhanovsky joined the Laboratory of Light Scattering Media of the Institute of Physics of National Academ

y of Sciences of Belarus as Junior Research Scientist. In 1986, he started a Ph.D. course in Optics at the Institute of Physics (National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus). During the Ph.D., his focus rapidly moved to studies of Atmospheric Optics, in particular to the investigation of

atmospheric aerosol and clouds using optical methods. As a Ph.D. student, he was responsible for several projects related to studies of light propagation and image transfer through atmosphere and ocean. The optical properties of whitecaps have been studied as well. In December 1991, he was awarded

the Ph.D. degree in Optics for the thesis ＂Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols and Foams＂. Simple analytical equations have been proposed for radiative characteristics of coarse-mode aerosols, water clouds, and foams in terms of the parameters of microstructure such as size distribution, shap

e, internal structure, and chemical composition of scatterers. After the Ph.D. in defense, Dr. Kokhanovsky has focused his research on the development of fast algorithms to retrieve cloud properties using satellite observations. He also studied several inverse problems of light scattering media opti

cs including the diffuse-wave spectroscopy and laser diffraction spectrometry. In 1994, Dr. Kokhanovsky was awarded the Science and Technology Agency of Japan Fellowship to work at the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan on cloud remote sensing. He spent one year (1996) in Tokyo (Eart

h Observation Research Center) working in the group of Prof. Teruyuki Nakajima in the area of cloud and snow remote sensing using spaceborne observations (GLI/ADEOS). Afterwards he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (Clausthal University, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, 1998) and Engin

eering and Physical Sciences Research Council Fellowship (Imperial College London, UK, 1999), where he developed novel techniques to derive properties (e.g., particle size distribution) of light scattering particles using small-angle and polarimetric optical measurements. Also, the tensor radiative

transfer equation was derived. This equation has been proved to be useful in studies of light propagation in anisotropic media. In March 2001, he joined the Institute of Environmental Physics (Bremen University, Bremen, Germany), where he was responsible for the development of cloud, snow, and aeros

ol retrieval algorithms for MERIS, AATSR, and SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT. A number of papers related to the generation and analysis of L2 aerosol, snow, and cloud products were published. Dr. Kokhanovsky participated and took a lead in several ESA, DFG, BMBF, and ESF projects. Also, he has published

three books during this period of time. From October 2013 till December 2017, Dr. Kokhanovsky has been carrying on his research work at EUMETSAT (Darmstadt, Germany). The main subject of his research was the development of L2 aerosol and cloud retrieval algorithms for the Multi-viewing Multi-chann

el and Multi-polarization Imager (3MI) on board future EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation (EPS-SG). Currently, he is working at VITROCISET Belgium, A Leonardo company, for the European Space Agency and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency projects aimed at the satellite retrievals of total ozon

e and snow properties including snow albedo, snow extent, snow pollution load, snow specific surface area, and ice grain size.

Ocean vector進入發燒排行的影片

東台灣海岸山脈石梯坪凝灰岩及利吉層之年代學與地球化學研究

為了解決Ocean vector的問題，作者卓伃蘊 這樣論述：

海岸山脈地層層序中都鑾山層為島弧火山層序，其最上層為石梯坪凝灰岩，屬於島弧火山演化末期的岩相，此層出露為中性至酸性的中酸性凝灰岩，而利吉層為大陸邊緣沉積物與海洋地殼蛇綠岩系之殘塊所組成，並於弧陸碰撞過程中堆積在海岸山脈地層層序中。本研究於月眉火山嶺頂地區上層的中酸凝灰岩層，以及下層的火山角礫岩層當中採集數個安山岩岩塊；於石梯坪地區的中酸凝灰岩層中採集一個輝長岩質包體，以及夾雜於岩層當中的安山岩岩塊，使用全岩地球化學與鋯石鈾鉛定年法分析，以討論其位於海岸山脈岩漿活動中的角色；在利吉地區以及電光地區利吉層的溪床上採集數顆蛇綠岩岩塊以及一顆沈積岩，透過定年以及地球化學特徵之結果，以討論其形成年代以

及物質可能的來源。本研究在嶺頂地區並未獲得來自呂宋島弧的岩漿鋯石年代可做後續討論，而位於石梯坪凝灰岩層中的玄武質安山岩（SiO2 ＝ 55.9 wt.%）以及石門火山角礫岩的安山岩（SiO2 ＝ 60.6 wt.%），兩個樣本皆為低鉀的鈣鹼序列，且呈現大離子半徑元素（如：銫、銣、鈾、釷、鉀、鋇、鍶等）富集以及高場力鍵結元素（如：鈮、鉭、鈦等）虧損，屬於島弧岩漿的訊號。石梯坪地區共存於中酸性凝灰岩當中的輝長岩包體與安山岩的年代皆為4百萬年，輝長岩質包體為低鉀的鈣鹼序列，二氧化矽含量為48.3 wt.%，四個安山岩岩塊為中鉀的鈣鹼序列，二氧化矽含量為53.0至58.0 wt.%，所有的微量元素皆

呈現大離子半徑元素富集以及高場力元素虧損。利吉層當中的蛇綠岩套年代為18百萬年，蛇綠岩套二氧化矽含量36.4至63.6 wt.%，岩性從基性到酸性都有，且微量元素含量變異很大，包括有銪正異常（18CWC01-1B）與負異常（18CWC01-2B）、MORB類型（18LC01-1B）以及E-MORB類型（18LC03-1B、18NSC01-1B）。而砂岩的年代結果呈現多峰值頻譜，包含火山活動期間所形成的岩漿鋯石年代，以及與華夏陸塊沈積物相似的訊號。全岩釹同位素的結果，在嶺頂地區釹值為+9.5及+9.8、石梯坪地區的安山岩質釹值為+1.3至+2.2，而輝長岩包體釹值為+0.8，利吉層的蛇綠岩套釹值

為+8.7至+11.1。綜合實驗結果，本研究在嶺頂地區的結果為與前人研究相同，都屬於島弧岩漿的產物，但無法在年代部分給予新的討論。石梯坪地區所發現之安山岩岩塊以及輝長岩包體，與前人研究中北呂宋島弧岩漿末期噴發之地球化學特性與年代相近，本輝長岩為同時期之岩漿侵入所形成，本研究並提出在奇美火山4百萬年以來的岩漿活動模式應為三個階段：第一階段經較高程度部分熔融產生的基性岩漿上升至淺層的儲存庫，並發生地殼混染作用；第二階段經較低程度部分熔融產生的岩漿再次注入先前形成的路徑，結晶分異後形成中性岩漿；第三階段因再次注入的岩漿引發原儲存庫中的安山岩質岩漿上湧噴發，並捕獲了已形成圍岩的輝長岩，噴發後形成中酸性

凝灰岩當中共存著輝長岩包體以及安山岩質的角礫岩。本研究分析的利吉層樣本，其中包含了東台灣蛇綠岩套以及沈積岩，蛇綠岩套中的岩石種類，地球化學數據因不同岩石來源而有差異，其年代分析結果指出，東台灣蛇綠岩年代為18-16百萬年，相較前人年代偏老，而在沈積岩中碎屑鋯石年代頻譜結果，則顯示其具有北呂宋島弧與華夏陸塊主要岩漿活動年代峰值的訊號。

Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 5: Radiative Transfer, Remote Sensing, and Light Scattering

為了解決Ocean vector的問題，作者 這樣論述：

​Alexander Kokhanovsky graduated in 1983 in Theoretical Physics (The Department of Physics, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus): the main topics of his thesis was the solution of the vector radiative transfer equation for the case of chiral light scattering media. Particular attention was g

iven to the study of the properties of radiation in deep layers of a turbid medium under study. The phase and extinction matrices have been calculated using the Maxwell theory for chiral spheres. In 1983, Dr. Kokhanovsky joined the Laboratory of Light Scattering Media of the Institute of Physics of

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus as a Junior Research Scientist. In 1986, he started a Ph.D. course in Optics at the Institute of Physics (National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus). During the Ph.D., his focus rapidly moved to studies of Atmospheric Optics, in particular to the

investigation of atmospheric aerosol and clouds using optical methods. As a Ph.D. student he was responsible for several projects related to studies of light propagation and image transfer through atmosphere and ocean. The optical properties of whitecaps have been studied as well. In December 1991,

he was awarded the Ph.D. degree in Optics for the thesis ＂Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols and Foams＂. Simple analytical equations have been proposed for radiative characteristics of coarse-mode aerosols, water clouds, and foams in terms of the parameters of microstructure such as size di

stribution, shape, internal structure, and chemical composition of scatterers. After the Ph.D. defense Dr. Kokhanovsky has focused his research on the development of fast algorithms to retrieve cloud properties using satellite observations. He also studied several inverse problems of light scatterin

g media optics including the diffuse-wave spectroscopy and laser diffraction spectrometry. In 1994, Dr. Kokhanovsky was awarded the Science and Technology Agency of Japan Fellowship to work at the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan on cloud remote sensing. He spent one year (1996) in

Tokyo (Earth Observation Research Center) working in the group of Prof. Teruyuki Nakajima in the area of cloud and snow remote sensing using spaceborne observations (GLI/ADEOS). Afterwards he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (Clausthal University, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, 199

8) and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Fellowship (Imperial College London, UK, 1999), where he developed novel techniques to derive properties (e.g., particle size distribution) of light scattering particles using small-angle and polarimetric optical measurements. Also, the tenso

r radiative transfer equation was derived. This equation has been proved to be useful in studies of light propagation in anisotropic media. In March 2001, he joined the Institute of Environmental Physics (Bremen University, Bremen, Germany), where he was responsible for the development of cloud, sno

w, and aerosol retrieval algorithms for MERIS, AATSR, and SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT. A number of papers related to the generation and analysis of L2 aerosol, snow, and cloud products were published. Dr. Kokhanovsky participated and took a lead in several ESA, DFG, BMBF, and ESF projects. Also, he h

as published three books during this period of time. From October 2013 till December 2017, Dr. Kokhanovsky has been carrying on his research work at EUMETSAT (Darmstadt, Germany). The main subject of his research was the development of L2 aerosol and cloud retrieval algorithms for the Multi-viewing

Multi-channel and Multi-polarization Imager (3MI) on board future Eumetsat Polar System - Second Generation (EPS-SG). Currently, he is working at VITROCISET Belgium, A Leonardo company, for the European Space Agency and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency projects aimed at the satellite retrievals of

snow properties including snow albedo, snow extent, snow pollution load, snow specific surface area and ice grain size.

原生及風化之微型塑膠對環境中防曬乳吸附行為探討之研究

為了解決Ocean vector的問題，作者韓志翰 這樣論述：

環境中形成微型塑膠的來源主要由塑膠物質經過高溫降解之過程，而這些微型 塑膠也因為粒徑小，表面積大，能吸附較多的污染物於表面上，進而對環境以及人體造成危害。本研究主要目的為探討不同風化作用對微型塑膠所造成特性改變之影響，包含將微型塑膠放置空氣中、鹹水與淡水中，直接於太陽光下暴露 3 個月，以及利用氙燈模擬太陽光連續照射 24 小時等。此外，並藉由等溫吸附實驗與動力吸附實驗探討微型塑膠 oxybenzone 化合物(防曬乳成分之一)之吸附行為。本研究所使用的微型塑膠為 3 種不同特性之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯 (polyethylene terephthalate, PET)、針對其用途可分為用於礦泉

水之寶特瓶(HEF-14)、果汁的寶特瓶(HEF-36)、碳酸飲料之寶特瓶(HEF-18)。 FTIR 分析結果發現微型塑膠表面有羥基與羧基的吸收波峰產生，顯示出受到氧化過程之降解作用，而 BET 分析結果也指出相較於原生的微型塑膠，經過風化作用後之微型塑膠有較多獨特的表面積產生。動力吸附與等溫吸附實驗結果顯示出本研究之 PET 吸附模式符合偽二階模式；原生微型塑膠主要以 Langmuir 為主要之等溫吸附模式，而風化後之微型塑膠則符合 Freundlich 等溫吸附模式。另外本研究也發現外在環境因子也會影響其吸附過程，且疏水效應與氫鍵之產生為 PET 對 oxybenzone 化合物之主要吸

附機制。