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Jacques Maritain and Human Rights: Totalitarianism, Anti-Semitism and Democracy (1936-1951)

為了解決Proper motion的問題，作者Lorenzini, Daniele 這樣論述：

The influence of Jacques Maritain in the post-war era's embrace of human rights is undeniable. Scholars, however, overlook a major shift in his use of language. Daniele Lorenzini argues the turn from Maritain's use of the expression "rights of the person" to "the rights of man" is packed with meanin

g. Reconstructing the historical context in which this shift occurred is key to fully grasping what Maritain accomplished. It is also essential if one seeks to defend Maritain against accusation that he enacted a victory of the American and French modern revolutionary spirit over ecclesiastical teac

hing when he legitimized "the rights of man." The notion that Maritain may have taken up the cause of the civic-secular citizen when these secularly articulated rights were consciously never embraced by Catholic magisterium (that instead promulgated the rights of the person) merits serious attention

. Lorenzini reconstructs Maritain's historical context and theoretical trajectory shaped by particular circumstances--most evidently World War II, but also his time in the United States and his work with the Committee of Catholics for Human Rights. Lorenzini is not suggesting that Maritain staged a

siege of Catholic thought, but that he did in fact lay the foundations for turning the conversation away from the tenets upheld by ecclesiastical authority on the concept of rights toward an articulation that more pointedly connects such rights to the actual possession and protection. How and why t

his happens, Lorenzini demonstrates, is "grasped only if critically situated in the union of history of history and biography that makes this possible and encourages it, as does Maritain's residency in the United States--an exile that obliged the French philosopher to render a deep seated account of

the unbelievable (and tragic) political and intellectual panorama." In short, Maritain set in motion the innovative redefinition of the elements that would soon be known as the human rights. But to Maritain these elements were always proper to the new ideal of the "vitally Christian" political city

, the city "founded essentially on the two 'pillars' of democracy and the safeguarding of the rights of man." What originally began as a purely linguistic investigation of Maritain's use of terminology has led Lorenzini to ask whether Maritain himself was won over from the act of conversing of right

s associated with personhood to the real-time struggle for these rights, an evolution not just of Maritain's language but of the man himself. Lorenzini's work is a formidable contribution to the literature pertaining to the period of post-war thought and Maritain on human rights. In his labors to c

arefully digest the full span of Maritain's intellectual trajectory on rights, Lorenzini brings Jacques Maritain alive both as a man of vision but also fervent action, and defends him from critics and historians that accuse him of spurning Church teaching and papal authority. As Lorenzini's study sh

ows, the human rights of the secular-civic world--whose lineage scholars attribute in large part to Maritain--were always derived from Catholic teaching and intended for use in constructing the truly Christian city. This work stands out in a vast repertoire of work on the subject of Jacques Maritai

n, and accomplishes both high level philosophical and historical sleuthing. It is of particular interest to American readers who may not fully realize the depth of Maritain's maturation of thought during his residency in the United States. This is an astounding read for historians, scholars of polit

ical philosophy, and students of Jacques Maritain. Daniele Lorenzini is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick, where he is also Deputy Director of the Centre for Research in Post-Kantian European Philosophy. He is the author of Éthique et politique de soi (Vrin, 2015) and

La force du vrai (Le bord de l’eau, 2017), as well as the editor of Foucault and the Making of Subjects (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016).

Proper motion進入發燒排行的影片

貝氏最佳化的小樣本採集函數學習

為了解決Proper motion的問題，作者謝秉瑾 這樣論述：

貝氏最佳化 (Bayesian optimization, BO) 通常依賴於手工製作的採集函數 (acqui- sition function, AF) 來決定採集樣本點順序。然而已經廣泛觀察到，在不同類型的黑 盒函數 (black-box function) 下，在後悔 (regret) 方面表現最好的採集函數可能會有很 大差異。 設計一種能夠在各種黑盒函數中獲得最佳性能的採集函數仍然是一個挑戰。 本文目標在通過強化學習與少樣本學習來製作採集函數(few-shot acquisition function, FSAF)來應對這一挑戰。 具體來說，我們首先將採集函數的概念與 Q 函數 (Q

-function) 聯繫起來，並將深度 Q 網路 (DQN) 視為採集函數。 雖然將 DQN 和現有的小樣本 學習方法相結合是一個自然的想法，但我們發現這種直接組合由於嚴重的過度擬合(overfitting) 而表現不佳，這在 BO 中尤其重要，因為我們需要一個通用的採樣策略。 為了解決這個問題，我們提出了一個 DQN 的貝氏變體，它具有以下三個特徵: (i) 它 基於 Kullback-Leibler 正則化 (Kullback-Leibler regularization) 框架學習 Q 網絡的分佈(distribution) 作為採集函數這本質上提供了 BO 採樣所需的不確定性並減輕了

過度擬 合。 (ii) 對於貝氏 DQN 的先驗 (prior)，我們使用由現有被廣泛使用的採集函數誘導 學習的演示策略 (demonstration policy)，以獲得更好的訓練穩定性。 (iii) 在元 (meta) 級別，我們利用貝氏模型不可知元學習 (Bayesian model-agnostic meta-learning) 的元 損失 (meta loss) 作為 FSAF 的損失函數 (loss function)。 此外，通過適當設計 Q 網 路，FSAF 是通用的，因為它與輸入域的維度 (input dimension) 和基數 (cardinality) 無 關。通過廣

泛的實驗，我們驗證 FSAF 在各種合成和現實世界的測試函數上實現了與 最先進的基準相當或更好的表現。

Tai Chi Sword Classical Yang Style: The Complete Form, Qigong, and Applications

為了解決Proper motion的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Reach for the highest Level of Tai Chi PracticeYou can achieve the highest level of tai chi practice by including Tai Chi Sword in your training regimen.Here’s your chance to take the next step in your Tai Chi journey.Once you have attained proficiency in the bare hand form and have gained listen

ing ad sensing skills from pushing hands, you are ready for Tai Chi Sword.The elegant and effective techniques of traditional Tai Chi SwordTai Chi sword will help you control your Qi, refine your Tai Chi skills, and master yourself. You will strengthen and relax your body, calm and focus your mind,

improve your balance, and develop proper Tai Chi breathing.This book provides a solid and practical approach to learning Tai Chi Sword accurately and quickly. Includes over 500 photographs with motion arrows!Historical overview of Tai Chi SwordFundamentals including hand forms and footworkGenerating

power with the sword12 Tai Chi Sword breathing exercises30 key Tai Chi Sword techniques with applications12 fundamental Tai Chi sword solo drillsComplete 54-movement Yang Tai Chi Sword sequence48 martial applications from the Tai Chi Sword sequence10 Tai Chi Sword 2-person matching drillsNo matter

your age, Tai Chi Sword is a wonderful and fun way to improve your health and well-being.

固態腫瘤成長的型態不穩定性

為了解決Proper motion的問題，作者顏千涵 這樣論述：

要了解腫瘤的演化和制訂適當的療程，環境條件如何影響固態腫瘤型態的知識就變得相當重要。在此研究中，我們透過反應-擴散模型去模擬腫瘤的演化過程，並考慮細胞的增生率是養分濃度的函數。我們的模擬結果顯示當環境養分低於一個臨界值時，腫瘤表面就會出現型態不穩定性，並最後造成腫瘤分裂成數個小腫瘤，而腫瘤透過分裂可以增加細胞與養分接觸的表面積，藉此提高在養分缺乏的環境中的生存機率。為了研究此機制，我們透過線性穩定性分析去求出微擾的本徵值和本徵方程式，且此分析結果和模擬的量測結果高度相符。另外，所有理論和模擬數據都顯示提高養分濃度、越強的細胞-細胞吸引力和越大的養分對細胞的擴散係數比例都會抑制腫瘤的不穩定性。

在相圖中也顯示腫瘤會因為不同的養分濃度和增生率係數而有不同的生長行為。以上結果都指出環境條件會對腫瘤形態學有重要影響。