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國土功能分區樁位測量規則與推動策略之研究

為了解決RCS Certificate的問題，作者陳俞均 這樣論述：

國土功能分區中因國1、國2、農1、農2、農3、及城2-3等6類分區界線無法完全依地籍經界線來劃定，其結果導致單一地號地籍會有複數功能分區。為避免因複數功能分區導致分區證明書效力不明確，故尚須研訂功能分區樁測定所需作業規則，以利地政機關據以辦理地籍逕為分割，並滿足分區證明核發作業所需。本研究首先透過彙整國土計畫法與相關子法、都市計畫法、都市計畫樁測定及管理辦法及地籍測量實施規則等法規，以探討國土功能分區樁測量所需測量規則與精度需求。其次，針對分區界線無法完全依地籍經界線來劃定之6類功能分區，估算其功能分區樁測量所需作業數量與經費，並研析其時程面之推動策略。關於測量作業規則：建議應涵蓋基本控制測

量與加密控制測量、圖根測量、功能分區樁測量及測量成果編製與公告等內容。關於測量精度：因城2-3屬市地性質，故建議其功能分區樁精度參採都市計畫樁精度辦理，其餘5種功能分區樁不像都市計畫道路中心樁般必須具備輔助指定建築線之功用，故其精度建議依據地籍測量實施規則之戶地測量精度即可。關於推動策略方面：建議前述6類功能分區悉應編製並公告樁位坐標成果表與樁位成果圖，其中城2-3因屬市地性質，故其功能分區樁使用機會相對較高，是以建議可考慮實地釘樁，其餘5類功能分區樁建議僅編製並公告樁位坐標成果表與樁位成果圖但不釘樁，後續功能分區圖則採用地籍地號來管理；經費面可考量功能分區圖與地籍圖之交點數量來搭配精度需求估

算，經估算1%交點數所需經費約需4.7億元，餘依比例倍增；時程面可採計畫式與申請式來進行測量推動，前者依據直轄市、縣(市)政府對後續國土計畫審議與管制需求，以及地方財政情況來劃分推動範圍與年期；後者由土地所有權人提出功能分區樁測量申請需求。

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC)-Derived Retinal Organoids and Retinal Pigment Epithelium to Model Retinal Development and Degenerative Diseases

為了解決RCS Certificate的問題，作者Rupendra Shrestha 這樣論述：

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) technology involve the process of cellular reprogramming by ectopic expression of endogenous transcription factors (also, known as Yamanaka factors), such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc in the differentiated somatic cells. With recent innovation in the t

echnology, several improved methods such as episomal vectors, recombinant proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and minicircle DNA-based generation of hiPSC has been revolutionizing the field of cellular reprogramming and regenerative medicine. These reprogrammed cells hold a promising model to study the organoido

genesis and offers unlimited sources of therapeutic cells, like retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and photoreceptors. Thus, hiPSC are promising sources for human tissues, such as retina, brain, and heart, etc. that are inaccessible to investigate. The present thesis focu

ses on the generation hiPSC from epidermal keratinocytes and differentiated to laminated retinal organoids to model the early eye development and study in vitro retinogenesis. In addition, RPE cells were generated from hiPSC and transplanted to experimental RCS dystrophic rats to assess the therapeu

tic potentials. First, we demonstrated the rapid and efficient generation of feeder-free hiPSC from the keratinocytes. The established hiPSC line (TCIERi001-A) was registered in human pluripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg), a European online database funded by the European Union Grant agreement. h

iPSC demonstrated the typical characteristics of pluripotency, which was maintained for several passages. But hiPSC at passage 16 showed cytogenetically mosaic with normal and abnormal karyotypes, as well as the loss of chromosome 8q. Despite this aberration, hiPSC was differentiated to organoids wi

th retinal cell fate specification. The formation of organoids was autonomous, but Notch inhibitor (DAPT) was used from days 29–42 of culture that revealed the improved specification of the retinal neuron. Also, retinoic acid was used at days 70–120 that led to the maturation of photoreceptors. Orga

noids showed all subtypes of photoreceptors that was positive for RHODOPSIN, B-OPSIN, and R/G-OPSIN cells. Also, the photoreceptors acquired the advanced maturation that demonstrated the formation of sensory cilia and the formation of the outer-segment disc. Overall, aberrant hiPSC were permissive t

o the formation of 3-D retinal organoids. Secondly, functional RPE cells generated from hiPSC at passage 4 revealed the characteristics of naïve RPE cells. These cells were transplanted in 3-week-old pups of RCS rats that influenced retinal functions by trophic support and rescue of photoreceptors u

ntil 12 weeks. To conclude, retinal organoids and RPE cells derived from hiPSC could be used as a model to retinal diseases.