走在汽車革命的路上論文書籍站
Shear rate viscosity的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列包括價格和評價等資訊懶人包
Shear rate viscosity的問題，我們搜遍了碩博士論文和台灣出版的書籍，推薦日本機械學會寫的 機械工程類專業系列教材：流體力學 和Khait, Klementina/ Carr, Stephen H./ Mack, Martin H.的 Solid-State Shear Pulverization: A New Polymer Processing and Powder Technology都 可以從中找到所需的評價。
這兩本書分別來自北京大學出版社 和所出版 。
臺北醫學大學 牙體技術學系碩士班 沈永康所指導 TAUFIK ABDULLAH M.的 3D生物列印策略製作生物高分子支架於骨再生應用 （2021），提出Shear rate viscosity關鍵因素是什麼，來自於3D bioprinting、biopolymer、bio-inks、scaffold、bone regeneration。
而第二篇論文國立陽明交通大學 材料科學與工程學系所 陳智所指導 謝凱程的 快速銅－銅接點與它們的可靠度議題 （2021），提出因為有 三維積體電路封裝、銅－銅直接接合、快速銅－銅接合、低熱預算接合、表面潛變接合模型、溫度循環測試、電遷移的重點而找出了 Shear rate viscosity的解答。
機械工程類專業系列教材：流體力學
為了解決Shear rate viscosity 的問題，作者日本機械學會 這樣論述：
《機械工程類專業系列教材：流體力學》是日本機械學會（JSME）為了提高機械類高校學生的基礎知識水準並考慮適應工程技術人員國際認證制度而編寫的流體力學教材。 全書共11章，可分成三大部分。第1章至第4章主要介紹流體力學的基礎知識，包括流體基本性質、流動基礎、流體靜力學和准一維流動。第5章至第8章涵蓋了流體力學工程應用的基本內容，包括動量定律、管內流動、物體繞流和流體運動方程式。第9章至第11章的內容包括剪切流動、勢流和可壓縮流動。這些知識涉及流體力學的基本概念和基礎理論。全書注重啟發讀者對流體力學相關內容的感性認知和深入思考，既有基礎知識簡明清晰的系統描述，又有新知識的更
新拓寬。 《機械工程類專業系列教材：流體力學》可作為動力、機械、能源、化工、水利等專業的本科生教材或輔助教材使用，也可供相關工程技術人員參考。
3D生物列印策略製作生物高分子支架於骨再生應用
為了解決Shear rate viscosity 的問題，作者TAUFIK ABDULLAH M. 這樣論述：
Title of thesis : 3D bioprinting strategies based on biopolymers scaffolds for bone regenerationAuthor : Taufik Abdullah MappaThesis advised by : Yung-Kang ShenSchool of Dental Technology,College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University.Background: Multidisciplinary collaboration in tissue
engineering for bone regeneration, reconstruction, or improved function in the regenerative medicine field uses methods to promote cell growth by manipulating various biomaterials. In advanced technology, bone graft substitutes are most popular because it was made through bone tissue engineering us
ing bone support cells and growth factors to stimulate cells seeded on a scaffold of natural or synthetic biomaterials. This study focused on the bone gets a traumatic injury also as well as occurs a directly immune response due to the immune cells accumulate at the injury spot as regulating the mul
tiple inflammatory growth factors. In the human body, cortical and cancellous bones have a different structure looked at from macro and micro-architecture, leading to the difference bone strength in the functional segment. Cancellous as internal bone tissue that provides a porous like spongy structu
re around 50–90% porosity volume if compared to the cortical bone obtained 5–15% porosity. Through this specification, we can regeneration the bone uses 3D scaffolds to stimulate osteoblast, osteogenic, osteoclasts, and osteocytes by the proliferation of bone cells. Bone graft substitutes have succe
ss in bone transplantation surgery through the application of three-dimensional (3D) construct required for bone function reconstruction. The primary function of scaffolds is to build a structural and mechanical support for the interactions of cells, providing a microenvironment that is responsive f
or cells osteogenesis to attach, task, and produce bone extracellular matrix (ECM) on the surface. The combination of several biopolymers like a sodium alginate and gelatin to make the 3D scaffolds using micro-extrusion bioprinting is the advanced bone graft substitute methods. The cells and biomate
rials are extruded via a nozzle that produces shear and extensional stresses. The MG63 cells adaptability into the alginate-gelatin hydrogels provide advantages like good printability and cell viability, then same study trying to find the ideal characterization thru types of biopolymers and the cell
s including this research. Objective: to investigate the mechanical, rheological, printability, and cell viability characterizations of 3D bioprinting strategies based on biopolymers scaffolds for bone regeneration. Methods: A regenHU 3D Discovery 8.23.8.26 was assembled and used to print bio-inks b
ased hydrogels through micro-extrusion bioprinting methods. The pattern of scaffolds designed by 3D Global Biotech Inc. Bioinks as gelatin from porcine skin (Sigma, gel strength 300 type A, G2500, USA) combined with sodium alginate (Sigma-Aldrich, W201502, China) were synthesized by the heat-trea
tment at a temperature of 65oC (CORNING, PC-420D, USA) was stirrer (Chemist, MS-1400D, Taiwan) during 2 h. The AGH (Alginate Gelatin based Hydrogel) was resulted hydrogel have denoted according to the concentration of gelatin added, namely is AGH 4%, AGH 3%, AGH 2%, and AGH 1%, then centrifuge the h
ydrogel bio-inks for 5 minutes at 21 oC with 2500 rpm and kept at 4 oC. Dissolved calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2) (Sigma, C7902, Japan) into the PBS solution until it reached 50 mM as a crosslinking agent. The hydrogel bio-inks were puted at room temperature for 4 h and ready to used. The AGH bio
-inks have compared to AGF127 6% w/v (Alginate Gelatin mixed Pluronic F127) as a competitor. The characterization of bio-inks was analyzed through mechanical test, rheological various, surface property analysis, printability evaluation and cell viability assessment. The cell response of the bio-inks
will evaluate by live/dead staining containing the MG-63 cells (4 x105 cells mL-1). Results: The bio-inks of AGH 2% compared with AGF127 6% have investigated through several tests such as surface property measurements, rheological test, printability evaluation and cell viability analysis. The resul
ts performed that AGH 2% has superior material characteristics as hydrogels including mechanical, rheological and cell viability test which compared to AGF127 6%. However, between AGH 2% and AGF127 6% have almost the same printability evaluation results, it is not damaged when printing through 3D bi
oprinting even though both have different bio-ink properties. Discussions: The difference in characteristics of AGH 2% and AGF127 6% was caused by the addition of Pluronic F127 as a comparison. We found that, by adding 6% of Pluronic F127 the bio-ink was solid, due to the effect of temperature from
materials. The solid characteristics of bio-ink require high pressure during printability and impact the number of extruded cells. Meanwhile, AGH 2% which is a hydrogel was sufficient with low pressure. The printability of AGH 2% used optimal pressure at 1.0 bar with print speed 4 mm/s. In this expe
riment indicated that viscosity increased at low shear rates, it meant that high viscosity may poor printability but through controlling the optimum of print speed and air pressure can mantain the filament form not collapse. There was minimal cell death caused by before printing process, and the via
bility of MG63 in after printing construct was decreases of amounts cell for AGH 2% and AGF127 6% samples. But AGH 2% sample has keep on 60% of the cell viability for day 1, day 4, and day 7 in after printing process. Conclusions: thru this research could be as a reference to described about AGH 2%
can be used as biomaterials in the manufacture of 3D scaffolds as bone graft substitution. Bio-ink which is hydrogel easily forms filaments with the application of low air pressure, good printability, and compatible for cell viability.Keywords: 3D bioprinting, biopolymer, bio-inks, scaffold, bone r
egeneration.
Solid-State Shear Pulverization: A New Polymer Processing and Powder Technology
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為了解決Shear rate viscosity 的問題，作者Khait, Klementina/ Carr, Stephen H./ Mack, Martin H. 這樣論述：
From the PrefaceThis book is the first extended look at a new and multifaceted polymer processing technology that has already been discussed in numerous articles. Called Solid-State Shear Pulverization (S3P), this innovative process produces polymeric powders with unique physical properties not foun
d in the output of conventional size-reduction methods.... This technology, which utilizes a pulverizer based on a modified co-rotating twin-screw extruder..., has profound implications for both the creation of new polymer blends and recycling of plastic and rubber waste. Unlike earlier processes]
where polymers are melted prior to pulverization, ...pulverizing mixtures of polymers with the S3P process...does not involve melting. By contrast, S3P maintains polymers in the solid state and avoids the additional heat history that occurs during other processes], which can be detrimental to the p
hysical properties of pulverized materials. The research and development of the S3P technology...has grown significantly since 1990 from the development of a new plastics recycling process to a much broader polymer processing method that allows intimate mixing of polymers with very different viscosi
ties, sold-state dispersion of additives, including pigments, and continuous production of powder with unique shapes and larger surface areas. Polymeric powders are of growing importance to plastics processors due to the increase use of plastics in various applications, such as rotational molding, p
owder coatings, and compounding, which require powder as the feedstock. ... I]t has become clear that this process allows for in-situ compatibilization of dissimilar polymers by applying mechanical energy to cause chemical reactions. This aspect of S3P technology that we describe in this book should
be useful in] developing new polymer blends with the use of pre-made compatibilizing agents. In addition, it has been discovered that S3P efficiently mixes polymer blends with different component viscosities, resulting in the elimination of phase inversion. The S3P process directly produces blends
with matrix and dispersed phase morphology like those obtained after phase inversion during a long melt-mixing process. This phenomenon is of practical importance because a long processing time is required by conventional melt-mixing to produce a stable blend morphology. S3P is also advantageous fo
r producing thermoplastic or thermoset powder-coating compounds in a one-step process as opposed to a conventional multi-step operation that involves melt extrusion followed by batch grinding. The major capabilities of this new process can be summarized as follows: o Continuous powder production fro
m plastics or rubber feedstockso Blending of immiscible polymerso Efficient mixing of polymers with unmatched viscositieso Environmentally friendly recycling of multicolored, commingled plastics wasteo Sold-state dispersion of heat-sensitive additiveso Engineered plastic/rubber blends Materials and
processes well illustratedThe text is well illustrated with 60 photographs, micrographs, diagrams and others figures. Here is a small sampling of the captions of these figures. o Particle-size distribution for virgin LDPE powder made with PT-25 pulverizer o Optical photograph of virgin LDPE powder m
ade with PT-25 pulverizer o Layout for a three-stage rubber pulverizer o Flow chart for powder coating production by conventional process and with new S3P technology o SEM image of pulverized virgin PP at 40X (first in series of SEM images of polymer powders) o Optical micrograph of melt-crystallize
d thin films of unpulverized virgin PP under polarized light o Log of viscosity vs. log shear rate for virgin HDPE after S3P processing o Gel permeation chromatograms (GPC) of polystyrene subjected to S3P processing Color-photo sectionOne of the several functions of Solid-State Shear Pulverization t
echnology is recycling mixed plastic waste. This section of twenty full-color photographs and micrographs illustrates different processed materials, as well as the machinery and mixed waste used. Here is a small sampling of the photo and micrograph captions. o Resultant flake feedstock from granulat
ion o S3P-made uniform powder from feedstock o Flake feedstock of post-consumer HDPE/PP blend (90/10 ratio) o Injection-molded test bar (with translucence) made from S3P powder without pelletization o Injection-molded test bar made from S3P powder without pelletization showing uniform color o Severa
l test bars subjected to tensile testing showing exceptionally high elongation at break Useful reference data in tablesMore than 60 tables provide useful data in convenient form. Here is a small sampling of table captions. o Physical properties of virgin PP 8020 GU injection-molded from S3P-made pow
der (first in series of tables on physical properties of various plastics processed from S3P-made powder) o Sieve analysis of powder resulting from S3P of virgin LDPE 509.48 (one of series of tables on sieve analysis of polymer powders) o Melt-flow rate before and after S3P processing for virgin PS
and two PP samples o Key physical properties of injection-molded post-consumer polyolefin blends pulverized by S3P process The AuthorsKlementina Khait, M.S. Ch.E., Ph.D., is Research Associate Professor and Director of the Polymer Technology Center in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwes
tern University. Her industrial experience in polymer science and engineering includes work with Borg-Warner Chemicals and Quantum Chemical Corporation. She received her two advanced degrees, in chemical engineering and polymer chemistry, from the Technological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. Dr.
Khait holds several patents and has published more than 50 papers in scientific and technical journals.Stephen Carr, Ph.D., is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering at Northwestern University.
快速銅－銅接點與它們的可靠度議題
為了解決Shear rate viscosity 的問題，作者謝凱程 這樣論述：
由於銅對銅直接接合技術應用於封裝技術逐漸成為三維積體電路封裝的關鍵技術，本論文利用銅(111)平面的快速表面擴散，完成快速銅－銅接合來達到低熱預算接合。在接合溫度300 ℃、壓力15~90 MPa下，接合時間可以縮短到10 秒以內，且接點電阻值為4.5 mΩ。接著利用表面潛變的接合機制推導出一個接合模型，該模型可以藉由接合溫度、壓力、擴散係數、表面粗糙度來預測接合時間，接合界面的有效擴散係數同時也被引入討論接合機制。為了進一步驗證快速銅－銅接合的可靠度，溫度循環測試與電遷移測試被採用來研究銅－銅接點結構的弱點，失效的標準定義為20%電阻上升。在溫度循環測試中，所有接點都通過了1000次循環測
試，在接合界面的中心位置因為在高溫下受到拉應力，所以產生了裂縫，裂縫的範圍跟接合強度高度相關。在電遷移測試方面，如果接合強度不足，在銅－銅接合面會直接斷路，這是第一種的破壞模式。第二種破壞模式是孔洞在銅－銅接點與導線間的接觸面上形成，且聚集成一個扁平大孔洞，該孔洞可能進而造成銅－銅接點與導線間的斷路。最後一種模式是孔洞分散在晶界與銅／接著層界面，這種破壞模式可以達到5000小時以上的壽命。