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Macau and the Casino Complex

為了解決Strip lighting的問題，作者Al, Stefan (EDT)/ Lee, Kah-wee (CON)/ Echeverri, Natalia (CON) 這樣論述：

Special Award of the Jury Winner -- 2018 Gourmand World Cookbook Awards In only a decade, Macau has exploded from a sleepy backwater to the world's casino capital. It was bound to happen. Macau, a former Portuguese colony that became a special administrative region within the People's Republic of C

hina in 1999, was the only place in China where gambling was legal. With a consumer base of 1.3 billion mainland Chinese deprived of casino gambling, and the world's largest growing consumer class, international corporations rushed in to enter the games. As a result, the casino influx has permanentl

y transformed the Macau peninsula: its ocean reclaimed, hillside excavated, roads congested, air polluted, and glimmering hotel towers tossed into the skyline, dwarfing the 19th century church towers. Essays by a number of experts give a deeper insight on topics ranging from the myth of the Chinese

gambler, the role of feng shui in casino design, the city's struggle with heritage conservation, the politics of land reclamation, and the effect of the casino industry on the public realm. Drawings and photographs in vivid color visualize Macau's patchwork of distinct urban enclaves: from downtown

casinos, their neon-blasting storefronts eclipsing adjacent homes and schools, to the palatial complexes along a new highway, a Las Vegas-style strip. They also reveal how developers go to great lengths to impress the gambler with gimmicks such as fluorescent lighting, botanic gardens, feng shui dra

gon statues, cast members' costumes, Chinese art imitations, and crystal chandelier-decked elevators. It is a book that helps readers grasp the complex process of the development of the casino industry and its overall impact on the social and architectural fabric of the first and last colonial encla

ve in China. Stefan Al is a licensed architect in Europe and associate professor of Urban Design at the University of Pennsylvania.

Strip lighting進入發燒排行的影片

集體安全制度與非國際性武裝衝突： 區域組織於非洲之實踐

為了解決Strip lighting的問題，作者張毓恬 這樣論述：

在無中央政府狀態的國際社會中，國家藉由加入全球以及區域的集體安全制度保障自身避免戰爭自二十世紀中期變得蓬勃。於此之際，非國際性武裝衝突已成為國際和平及安全威脅的來源，不僅衝擊聯合國的集體安全制度，也刺激非洲次區域以及區域集體安全制度的發展。本文回顧聯合國、非洲聯盟、西非國家經濟共同體之集體安全制度的發展歷程並分析其主要規範；透過聯合國與非洲聯盟在蒲隆地、索馬利亞、蘇丹達佛、中非共和國，以及聯合國與西非國家經濟共同體在賴比瑞亞、象牙海岸、馬利的共同實踐，探討全球-區域如何運用集體安全制度處理非國際性武裝衝突。在集體安全制度的規範方面，非洲聯盟與西非國家經濟共同體的集體安全制度共同的特色皆涵蓋衝

突預防、訂定有條件的干涉權，以及訂有非憲政秩序政府更迭的制裁機制。此外，兩者的調停以及決策機制也反映非洲問題非洲方法解決的特性。在全球-區域合作方面，聯合國維和行動的部署多為接替非洲聯盟、西非國家經濟共同體的和平任務，整體而言，在區域辦法優先的原則下，非洲區域組織是處理會員國發生國內衝突第一線的反應者，而聯合國目前仍主要責任的承擔者以及建設和平的主導者。此外，非洲和平安全架構仍存在各次區域能力發展不均的現象，如何有效解決跨區域的衝突仍是難題。在對抗大規模暴行的合作上，對於聯合國以國際刑事法院機制究責，非洲聯盟採取抵制的態度，欲將國際刑事管轄權非洲化，但後續的實踐顯示許多非洲國家願意與安全理事會

合作，終結在武裝衝突中有罪不罰的文化。