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John Surtees: My Incredible Life on Two and Four Wheels

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為了解決YAMAHA 250cc的問題，作者Surtees, John/ Nicks, Mike (CON)/ Rossi, Valentino (FRW)/ Vettel 這樣論述：

This long-awaited book is a photographic memoir by the only man to have won World Championships on motorcycles and in cars. Containing nearly 300 photographs from Surtees' own collection as well as from the world's finest motorsport picture libraries, this major book presents a complete visual recor

d of Surtees' life accompanied by fascinating commentary written in collaboration with co-author Mike Nicks. Chapters of particular interest are those covering Surtees's formative years and the extraordinary 1960 season in which he raced both motorcycles and cars, winning two World Championships on

MV Agusta bikes as well as taking second place for Lotus in the British GP, which was only his second Formula 1 race. Royalties from sales of the book will go to the Henry Surtees Foundation, which was set up to honour the memory of John's son Henry, who was killed in a freak accident at Brands Hatc

h in 2009.- The early years (up to 1952): a childhood around motorcycle racing, apprenticeship with Vincent, then racing a Vincent Grey Flash.- Getting established (1953-55): Moving on to ride mainly Manx Nortons, he did 86 races in one year, and in 1955 achieved his first grand prix win, in the 250

cc Ulster GP on an NSU.- The glory years (1956-60): dominating top-level motorcycle racing for five years with Italian team MV Agusta, taking seven World Championship titles on 500cc and 350cc bikes.- The remarkable year of bikes and cars (1960): overlapping his last year of motorcycle racing with 1

7 car races, including four F1 World Championship events.- Ferrari driver (1963-66): established in cars, he joined Ferrari, winning his first race - the Sebring 12 Hours for sports cars - and the following year becoming F1 World Champion.- Can-Am champion (1966): after recovery from a huge crash in

a Lola T70 sports car and acrimonious departure from Ferrari, he bounced back in North America to win the spectacular Can-Am series.- Turning Japanese (1967-68): Honda invited Surtees to develop and drive its F1 cars for two years, with victory in the Italian GP at Monza the highlight.- Becoming a

constructor (1969-78): going into single-seater racing, including F1, with Team Surtees and cars of his own manufacture; Mike Hailwood won the European F2 Championship in 1972.- The latter years (1978 onwards): fully active on the historic scene as a restorer and driver of motorcycles and cars, then

nurturing son Henry's career until the tragic accident.Royal Automobile Club shortlist of contenders for Motoring Book of the Year Valentino Rossi was born on February 16, 1979, in Urbino, Italy. He won his first motorcycle grand prix race at the age of 17, his first world title at 18, and his f

irst MotoGP championship at 22. He currently rides for Yamaha, and his main residence is in central London. Mike Nicks is a prolific journalist and author who has edited the British publications Bike, Classic Bike, Classic Racer, Motor Cycle News and Classic Car Weekly. In the USA he has worked on M

otor Trend, Motorcyclist and Circle Track magazines. He has also written on cars, motorcycles, languages and business for the Guardian, Observer, Independent, Times, Sunday Times and DailyTelegraph newspapers in London. He has known John Surtees since the 1980s, when their shared passions for matt

ers on both two and four wheels ensured a continuing friendship.

YAMAHA 250cc進入發燒排行的影片

數種台灣產民間藥在脛骨骨髓細胞培養系中對成熟蝕骨細胞之影響 及細胞激素在其中所扮演的角色

為了解決YAMAHA 250cc的問題，作者侯淑真 這樣論述：

本研究主要針對台灣產民間藥對於ICR小鼠骨髓細胞系中成熟蝕骨細胞(osteoclast-likemultinucleated cells；MNCs)的影響，並藉由酵素連結免疫吸附分析法（enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay；ELISA）來了解這些台灣產民間藥對於蝕骨細胞分化成熟過程中的調控因子(IL-1? IL-6, TNF-? PGE2)有何影響。本研究所採用的台灣產民間藥分別為：冇骨消 (Sambucus formosana Nakai )；刺仔頭 (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.)；細本山葡萄 (Vitis thunbergii

Sieb. & Zucc. var. adstricta (Hance) Gahnep)；肺形草 (Tripterospermum taiwanense (Masamune) Satake)及黃金桂(Cudraniacochinchinensis (Lour.) Kudo et Masam. var. gerontogea (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kudo etMasam.)。在體外研究模式中，以1a, 25-(OH)2D3誘發蝕骨細胞的生長，同時分別加入5µg/ml、50µg/ml、500 µg/ml三種濃度之上述藥物抽出物，培養七天後，以TRAP（tartrate-resistan

t acid phosphatase）染色法，觀察這些台灣產民間藥對於蝕骨細胞的生長是否具抑制性。結果發現，當藥物濃度為500 µg/ml時，加入冇骨消、刺仔頭、細本山葡萄、肺形草、黃金桂水抽出物、黃金桂酒精抽出物等組，均可明顯抑制成熟蝕骨細胞的生長；而在50µg/ml濃度時，除刺仔頭組不具顯著差異外，其餘均可明顯抑制成熟蝕骨細胞的生長。且發現50µg/ml濃度之藥物抽出物，對蝕骨細胞之抑制為可逆現象。接著以MTT偵測技術分析細胞的存活率，在成骨細胞方面，發現上述藥物抽出物對於成骨細胞不具毒性作用，反而在冇骨消（500µg/ml）、肺形草（5、50、500 µg/ml）、黃金桂（5

、50、500µg/ml）等加藥組中，發現成骨細胞具增生作用。在蝕骨細胞方面，濃度為50、500 µg/ml之上述五種藥物抽出物，均有明顯降低蝕骨細胞生長，但500 µg/ml的冇骨消、肺形草、黃金桂酒精抽出物組，對細胞具有毒性。雌激素在蝕骨細胞的分化及活化過程中，為一重要調控因子，近年來發現蝕骨細胞(osteoclast：OC)及成骨細胞（osteoblast：OB）均含有雌激素之接受器。因此以去除卵巢老鼠之骨髓細胞做體外培養，分別加入上述藥物抽出物及雌激素（17b-Estradiol），觀察對成熟蝕骨細胞的影響性。結果發現此五種藥物抽出物，可降低因雌激素缺乏所導致之蝕骨細胞活化作用，對其生

長具抑制作用。再來以17 b-Estradiol kit測得17 b-Estradiol的含量，在第四天偵測，發現50、500µg/ml濃度之各加藥組中，17 b-Estradiol量較控制組（1 a,25-(OH)2D3）明顯增高釵h。這說明了，此五種台灣民間藥抽出物，可能具有類似17 b-Estradiol結構之植物性雌激素。另一方面，和蝕骨作用有關的細胞激素（如：IL-1 a, IL-6, TNF- a, PGE2）已經被證實可促進成熟蝕骨細胞的形成，進而導致骨質流失。為了要了解這些台灣產民間藥是否會對這些細胞激素有所影響，我們以ELISA的方法，測骨髓細胞培養系中細胞懸浮液之IL-1

a, IL-6, TNF- a, PGE2濃度，觀察這些台灣產民間藥之所以能抑制蝕骨細胞生長，是否藉由降低蝕骨作用有關的細胞激素而達到抑制的作用。結果發現50µg/ml、500µg/ml濃度之五種台灣民間藥，可藉由降低IL-1 a, IL-6, TNF- a而達到成熟蝕骨細胞抑制的作用，然而本實驗中PGE2並無顯著差異。從上述結果推論，本研究所採用之五種台灣民間藥，可能藉由降低蝕骨作用相關的細胞激素（IL-1 a, IL-6, TNF- a），進而達到抑制成熟蝕骨細胞數。另外這些台灣民間藥可能含有一些植物性雌激素，經由這些植物性雌激素的作用，而達到抑制成熟蝕骨細胞數目。