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Both Sides of the Wire - Disaster at Dawn: Somme 1916: Preliminaries and First Moves

為了解決accounts 的問題，作者Cave, Nigel/ Sheldon, Jack 這樣論述：

Both Sides of the Wire is the first in a new series of battlefield guides that looks at the fighting on the Western Front, chiefly in the sectors in which the British Expeditionary Force was engaged. In these books, Nigel Cave and Jack Sheldon will look at engagements from both the allied and Ger

man perspective; at the end of each chapter there will be a tour section so that readers can place themselves in the best vantage points to follow the action that is described on the ground and which is directly related to the narrative account that will form the bulk of each chapter. This book deal

s with the Somme up to and including the first day or two of the infantry assault on 1 July. In addition to the familiar British sector, the authors intend to cover those parts of the Somme battlefield that were (largely) fought over by the French. Although there is much to see of the 'French' Secto

r, it is generally poorly served by published guides despite the fact that there are numerous signs of the Great War of the ground, many accessible to the public. With the concentration on 1st July and the subsequent months, there is relatively little about what happened on the Somme from the establ

ishment of the line there in October 1914 to the summer 1916 offensive. For example, this involved extensive mine warfare, of which very few traces remain, but for which there is excellent contemporary mapping and some useful accounts. Because of the considerable amount of literature already availab

le on the British sector of the Somme, the authors will be concentrating on particular aspects - areas selected include: Gommecourt (56th London Division); Serre (the French attacks of June 1915); the Heidenkopf; raids prior to I July around Beaumont Hamel; the Schwaben Redoubt, the German defence p

lan and what happened on the day; the Glory Hole and the fighting there from December 1914; the area around King George's Hill, near Fricourt; the attacks and counter attacks at Montauban on 1 - 3 July 1916; a very successful limited German assault at Feuilleres in January 1916; the line at Dompierr

e and Fey, in particular mine warfare (and also some coverage of the brief tenure of the line in this area by the British in the autumn of 1915). The book is aimed at anyone with an interest in the war, in the Somme in particular and, whilst acting as a guide, it will also be of value to those who c

annot get to the Somme themselves, with the authors aiming at a more balanced understanding of what happened and explaining the outcomes at the various locations.

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The Addison Diaries: Natal Carbineer, Gunner, Pioneer Farmer - the Life and Times of Frederick Addison 1894–1969

為了解決accounts 的問題，作者Addison, Walter 這樣論述：

Frederick Addison came from a family with a strong military tradition, and it is not surprising that he, his two brothers, and two cousins all joined the Royal Natal Carbineers on the same day in 1914, soon after war was declared. They served together through the German South-West African campaig

n, and again in France with the Second South African Infantry Brigade. Two of them were killed, one was taken prisoner, and all were wounded. While the core of the book is a grim account of his experiences during World War I, and there is no doubt that the traumatic events described in the war diari

es had a powerful influence on the rest of his life, Frederick Addison's memoirs cover his entire lifetime. His detailed description of a wild childhood in Estcourt, where his father served as the magistrate during and after the Boer War, his record of spartan schooldays at Hilton College, and his a

ccounts of life as a pioneer sugar farmer on the Natal North coast are all told with vigor, humor and a rugged compassion. His chronicle includes a brief history of the Thukela River basin, description of early post-cart journeys in pre-world war Zululand and recollections of farming, farmers and fa

rm workers in and around Fort Pearson in the years 1919- 1954. A history of the Addison family, written originally for his many relatives in South Africa and abroad, is included as an appendix to the narrative. It is full of anecdotes which shed an intimate light on the early days of settler life in

Natal. In all, a graphic record of the life and times of Frederick Addison - shared, no doubt, by many of his generation.

布里斯洛中間體自由基反應機制之理論研究

為了解決accounts 的問題，作者謝明修 這樣論述：

含氮雜環卡賓（N-heterocyclic carbene）催化之化學反應中，布里斯洛中間體（Breslow intermediate）扮演重要的催化角色。布里斯洛中間體能以親核基（nucleophile）或自由基（radical）之形式參與反應。本論文探討布里斯洛中間體之自由基特性及形成機制（mechanism），其自由基可從氫自由基轉移或直接氧化形成。安息香縮合反應（benzoin condensation）中，布里斯洛中間體將氫原子轉移至苯甲醛（benzaldehyde）以形成自由基，此自由基可結合形成安息香產物，或排除反應之副產物，使其重新進入催化反應。唯此路徑之反應能障高於傳統非自

由基路徑。此研究亦探討四種布里斯洛中間體之不同電子組態的位能面。其中烯醇鹽（enolate）形式能產生偶極束縛態（dipole-bound state），此為產生自由基之新路徑；拉電子基（electron-withdrawing group）以及立體障礙基（bulky groups）可穩定基態。另外，我們亦研究布里斯洛中間體之碎片化（fragmentation）與重組（rearrangement）。布里斯洛中間體之催化反應可能因其碳氮鍵斷裂而中止，形成碎片。我們證實其反應中可以形成自由基，亦可形成離子。反應趨向之路徑與布里斯洛中間體之羥基的質子化型態有關。碎片化反應亦可視為轉酮醇酶（tran

sketolase）中之噻胺（thiamin）催化反應中之副反應；此研究證實轉酮醇酶透過限制布里斯洛中間體之結構與質子化型態，使其碳氮鍵斷裂需更高之反應能量，進而抑制此副反應。