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Atlas of Hybrid and Molecular Imaging: Anatomical Landmarks for Pet/Ct, Pet/MRI and Spect/CT Radiopharmaceuticals - Clinical Cas

為了解決ct的問題，作者Leporace, Mario,Calabria, Ferdinando,Gaudio, Eugenio 這樣論述：

For the first time, in this atlas nuclear physicians and radiologists cover the entire hybrid nuclear medicine (PET/CT, SPECT/CT and PET/MRI), based on their own case studies. The structure in three volumes represents an user friendly guide for interpreting PET and SPECT in relation to co-registe

red CT and/or MRI. Three companion volumes with a practical structure in two-page unit offer to the reader a navigational tool, based on anatomical districts, with labeled and explained low-dose multiplanar CT or MRI views merged with PET fusion imaging on the right hand and contrast enhanced CT or

MRI on the other side. This new format enables rapid identification of hybrid nuclear medicine findings which are now routine at leading medical centers. Volume 1 is focused on brain and neck PET imaging, with emphasis on PET/MRI; Volume 2 concerns thorax, abdomen and pelvis, with particular attenti

on on lung and liver segmental anatomy and evaluation of peritoneum. Special chapters on heart, lymph nodes and musculoskeletal system, are collected in the Volume 3. Each chapter begins with three-dimensional CT and/or MRI views of the evaluated anatomical region, bringing forward sectional tables.

Clinical cases, tricks and pitfalls linked to several PET or SPECT radiopharmaceuticals help to introduce the reader to peculiar molecular pathways and to improve confidence in cross-sectional imaging, that is vital for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

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An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決ct的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.

Practical Computed Tomography (Ct) Guide for the Small Animal Orthopaedic- And Neurosurgeon

為了解決ct的問題，作者 這樣論述：

運動訓練與停止訓練對中老年人骨骼肌氧合能力與身體功能表現之影響

為了解決ct的問題，作者杨永 這樣論述：

運動是一種改善中老年人骨骼肌氧合能力、提高肌肉力量並最終影響整體身體功能表現的有效方式。然而，較少的研究評估不同運動類型之間訓練效益的差異。此外，由於中老年人生病、外出旅行與照顧兒童等原因，迫使運動鍛煉的中斷。如何合理安排運動訓練的週期、強度與停訓週期，以促使中老年人在未來再訓練快速恢復以往訓練效益，目前亦尚不清楚。本文以三個研究建構而成。研究I：不同運動訓練模式對中老年人的骨骼肌氧合能力、肌力與身體功能表現的影響。以此探討50歲及以上中老年人進行每週2次為期8週的爆發力、阻力訓練以及心肺訓練在改善中老年人肌肉組織氧合能力、與肌肉力量身體功能效益的差異。我們的研究結果表明：爆發力組在改善下肢

肌力、最大爆發力與肌肉品質方面表現出較佳的效果。心肺組提高了30s坐站測試成績並減少了肌肉耗氧量，從而改善了中老年人在30s坐站測試期間的運動經濟性。年紀較高的肌力組則對於改善平衡能力更加有效。此外，三組運動形式均有效改善了中老年人人敏捷性。研究 Ⅱ：停止訓練對運動訓練後中老年人肌力與身體功能表現的影響：系統性回顧與meta分析。本研究欲探討停止訓練對運動訓練後中老年人肌力與身體功能表現訓練效益維持的影響。我們的研究結果表明：訓練期大於停止運動訓練期是肌力維持的重要因素。若訓練期