less developed中文的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列包括價格和評價等資訊懶人包

Pimsleur Chinese Mandarin Level 1: Learn to Speak and Understand Mandarin Chinese With Pimsleur Language Programs

為了解決less developed中文的問題，作者Pimsleur (COR) 這樣論述：

The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Mandarin Chinese Did you know that Mandarin Chinese is the world's most widely spoken language with over one billion native speakers? Once you get the basics down, you'll be surprised how quickly you're able to begin speaking it. And even knowing a little bit

of the language will make travel to China far easier, and much more fun. Whether your goal is to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what's going on in the world around you, learning to speak Mandarin Chinese will expand your horizons and

immeasurably enrich your life. The best part is that it doesn't have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If yo

u've tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn't stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try. Why Pimsleur? - Quick + Easy - Only 30 minutes a day. - Portable + Flexible - Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life. - Proven Me

thod - Works when other methods fail. - Self-Paced - Go fast or go slow - it's up to you. - Based in Science - Developed using proven research on memory and learning. - Cost-effective - Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers. - Genius - Triggers your brain's natur

al aptitude to learn. - Works for everyone - Recommended for ages 13 and above. What's Included? - 30, 30-minute audio lessons - One hour and 15 minutes of reading instruction to provide you with an introduction to reading pinyin - In total, over 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers - a

Reading Booklet What You'll Learn In the first 10 lessons, you'll cover the basics: saying hello, asking for or giving information, scheduling a meal or a meeting, asking for or giving basic directions, and much more. You'll be able to handle minimum courtesy requirements, understand some of what yo

u hear, and be understood at a beginning level, but with near-native pronunciation skills. In the next 10 lessons, you'll build on what you've learned. Expand your menu, increase your scheduling abilities from general to specific, start to deal with currency and exchanging money, refine your conver

sations and add over a hundred new vocabulary items. You'll understand more of what you hear, and be able to participate with speech that is smoother and more confident. In the final 10 lessons, you'll be speaking and understanding at an intermediate level. In this phase, more directions are given

in Mandarin, which moves your learning to a whole new plane. Lessons include shopping, visiting friends, going to a restaurant, plans for the evening, car trips, and talking about family. You'll be able to speak comfortably about things that happened in the past and make plans for the future. You'l

l also learn to read Hanyu Pinyin (pinyin for short) the official phonetic system for transcribing pronunciations of Chinese characters into a Latin alphabet. Twenty reading lessons are included and will teach you to sound out written words with correct pronunciation and accent. Learning the sound

of each letter alone and in culturally distinct combinations allows your brain to process what you're hearing in the audio lessons from a new and different perspective. It's a powerful combination that makes Pimsleur different from every other method on the market. The Pimsleur Method We make no sec

ret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his "secrets" The Principle of Anticipation In the nanosecond between a cue and your response,

your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind. Core Vocabulary Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don't overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your abi

lity with every lesson. Graduated Interval Recall Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory. Organic Learning You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm,

melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture. Learning in Context Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is se

t inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success. Active Participation The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use

what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English. The Mandarin Chinese Language Over one billion people speak Chinese. The two most common dialects are Mandarin and Cantonese. They are not mutually intelligible. Mandarin is the official language in Mainland China, Taiwan, and

Singapore. The Mandarin dialect is used in most Chinese schools, and in most TV programs, movies, and radio stations throughout the country, even in Guangzhou (formerly Canton), where people speak Cantonese in their daily lives. Mandarin is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. T

ech Talk - CDs are formatted for playing

less developed中文進入發燒排行的影片

社區適老化建設評估指標系統的建構與運用之研究

為了解決less developed中文的問題，作者梅文兵 這樣論述：

面對全球老齡化所帶來持續性養老壓力，各國政府都開展了行之有效的辦法來應對本國人口老齡化問題。隨著經濟的發展和房地產行業的興起，社區居家養老已經成為中國的主體養老模式，据數據統計，中國90%的老年人選擇社區居家養老。但不能否認的是，社區建設之初，較少考慮到老年人的養老需求，因此如何構建符合社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設便成為政府、養老產業界和學術界共同關心的問題。基於此，本論文借鑒國內外相關建設和發展經驗，通過質性研究和量化分析相結合的研究方法，構建出社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設評估指標體系，並選取中國珠三角地區4個典型社區進行實證運用，以期提出適合社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設的對策

建議和改善策略。具體內容如下：首先，透過文獻資料調研、政策文本分析和老年扎根訪談的方式，運用質性研究方法，初步選取社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設的51項評估指標；其次，將上述51項指標編制成模糊德爾菲法專家問卷，運用模糊德爾菲法，邀請官、產、學界專家對51項指標的重要值進行評量，根據專家共識值和門檻值的設定，最終篩選出48項社區適老化建設指標；再次，將上述48項指標的重要度和表現度，編制成問卷針對社區居家老年人及其相關群體進行廣泛調研，透過576份有效調研數據，運用因素分析法，構建出社區居家養老模式下社區適老化建設的4項準則、9項次準則和48項指標的評估指標系統；另外，將社區適老化建設評

估指標體系，編制成模糊層次專家問卷，邀請官、產、學界專家對各層級評估指標的相對重要值進行評量，運用模糊層次分析法，計算出社區適老化建設評估指標體系各層級指標的權重值；最後，透過本研究構建的社區適老化建設評估指標體系，選擇中國珠三角地區城市、城郊、城鎮、農村等4個典型社區進行實例驗證，客觀科學評估該社區適老化建設的狀況並根據評估數據提出改善策略。社區適老化建設評估指標的研究，是可以涵蓋多面向的研究，這不只是針對現有社區的適老化建設狀況進行評估，從其中辨識適老化建設的不足之處並提出改善建議，也可以於社區規劃建設前段作業時，協助相關部門有效的篩選建設指標並進行決策，以尋得符合社區居家養老產業需求之切

實適老化表現。本研究最期待的是藉由社區適老化建設評估指標，提升社區適老化建設成效和社區居家養老品質，進而提升老年人的生活品質和生活滿意度，幫助老年人成功老化。

Pimsleur Chinese Mandarin Level 5: Learn to Speak and Understand Mandarin Chinese With Pimsleur Language Programs

為了解決less developed中文的問題，作者Pimsleur (COR) 這樣論述：

The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Mandarin Chinese Did you know that Mandarin Chinese is the world's most widely spoken language with over one billion native speakers? Once you get the basics down, you'll be surprised how quickly you're able to begin speaking it. And even knowing a little bit

of the language will make travel to China far easier, and much more fun. Whether your goal is to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what's going on in the world around you, learning to speak Mandarin Chinese will expand your horizons and

immeasurably enrich your life. The best part is that it doesn't have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If yo

u've tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn't stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try. Why Pimsleur? - Quick + Easy - Only 30 minutes a day. - Portable + Flexible - Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life. - Proven Me

thod - Works when other methods fail. - Self-Paced - Go fast or go slow - it's up to you. - Based in Science - Developed using proven research on memory and learning. - Cost-effective - Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers. - Genius - Triggers your brain's natur

al aptitude to learn. - Works for everyone - Recommended for ages 13 and above. What's Included? - 30, 30-minute audio lessons - One hour and 40 minutes of reading lessons introduce you to reading select Chinese characters - In total, 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers - a Reading Book

let What You'll Learn Builds upon skills taught in Pimsleur's Mandarin Chinese Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4. The thirty 30-minute lessons, plus pinyin and select h nz characters reading practice, will enable you to speak and understand Mandarin with near fluency and with a broad range of conversational s

kills. In Level 5, the pace and conversation moves quite rapidly, accelerating exposure to new vocabulary and structures, approaching native speed and comprehension. You'll learn to speak more in-depth about your personal life and emotional state, and be able to create complex sentences using a mix

of tenses and moods. Some of the topics covered in Level 5: - Travel: exploring the vast and richly varied country of China, discussing the various ethnic groups and cultures found from region to region, buying tickets to tourist attractions, taking family vacations, speaking with a travel agent.

- Food and drink: restaurants, street vendors, favorite dishes, delicious drinks, discussing differences between Chinese and American diets. - History: learning about important people and places, uncovering famous popular locations, discovering China's ancient past. - The environment: weather, clima

te change, environmental protection, wetlands. - Communication: getting in touch, sending text messages. - Work: discussing meetings, modern jobs, attending conferences, giving speeches. - Family life and relationships: family traditions, children and grandchildren, extended family members, birthday

s, retirement, pets, grandparents and family history. - Health and wellness: exercising, relaxing, visiting a Chinese medical doctor, taking Chinese medicine, paying attention to one's vitality. Twenty reading lessons introduce reading select h nz , the characters used in the Chinese writing system

. These lessons are designed to deepen your memory and understanding of learned vocabulary, as well as to begin the work of connecting the words and phrases that you have learned to the h nz characters. The Pimsleur Method We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pims

leur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his "secrets" The Principle of Anticipation In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having

to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind. Core Vocabulary Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don't overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson. Graduated Interval Recall Reminders of

new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory. Organic Learning You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to

experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture. Learning in Context Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drill

s, and no memorization necessary for success. Active Participation The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do

in English. The Mandarin Chinese Language Over one billion people speak Chinese. The two most common dialects are Mandarin and Cantonese. They are not mutually intelligible. Mandarin is the official language in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore. The Mandarin dialect is used in most Chinese schoo

ls, and

Sildenafil 速效性口溶膜與口溶錠之研發

為了解決less developed中文的問題，作者江忠肯 這樣論述：

Sildenafil (VIAGRA®) 是最廣泛使用的勃起功能障礙藥物之一，通常使用口服的給藥方式，然而該藥物的起效時間通常需要一個小時以上，所以需要在作用前約一個小時服用。因此為了改善這類型藥物起效作用緩慢、生體可利用率低等缺點，舌下給藥系統 (sublingual drug delivery system) 近年來被廣泛開發，此外舌下給藥途徑能夠避開肝臟首渡效應代謝的風險，因而能夠有助於提高生體可利用率以及提高患者的服藥順從性。由於這些優點，本研究之目的是開發速效型sildenafil口溶膜 (Orally disintegrating film, ODF) 和口溶錠 (Orally

disintegrating tablet, ODT)。本研究分為製備sildenafil 口溶膜 (ODF) 及口溶錠 (ODT) 兩種劑型，ODF由PVP K30、PVP VA64、Lecithin S100、propylene glycol組成，將賦形劑溶解於乙醇 : 二次水 (Double Distilled Water DDW) 6:4、7:3、8:2三個比例，然後使用烘箱乾燥後製成，sildenafil citrate口溶膜 (ODF) 使其每片含有70.2 mg sildenafil citrate相當於50 mg sildenafil base，在體外溶解度試驗中，SP3LP

G、S1.5P3LPG和S2P3LPG 之sildenafil ODF在5分鐘內可釋放近90%的藥物含量，在10分鐘內完全釋放。此外，市售產品“Please® orally soluble film 50 mg”在一小時內僅釋放約60%，透過體外溶離試驗觀察到ODF處方SP3LPG、S1.5P3LPG和S2P3LPG相較於市售品有更快的溶離速率，因此我們認為ODF處方是優於市售品的。另一方面，口溶錠 (ODT) 劑型分為兩階段製程，將第一階段為制備ODF劑型，第二階段為將第一階段制備之ODF磨成細粉後與 AEROSIL® 200 、EMCOSOY® 及紐甜(Neotame)，均勻混和後打成錠，

ODT處方S2V3A-01、S1.5P1.5V1.5A-01、S2P1.5V1.5A-01RU皆可在2分鐘內將藥物完全釋放，溶離速率與市售“VIAGRA® 50 mg錠劑”相似。同時已溶離曲線比度對試驗比較市售VIAGRA® 和ODT處方S2V3A-01、S1.5P1.5V1.5A-01、S2P1.5V1.5A-01的溶離曲線，其溶離相似值(f2)值均在50%以上，表示這三種配方與市售產品相似。因此，這三種ODT配方S2V3A-01、S1.5P1.5V1.5A-01、S2P1.5V1.5A-01具有相當大的發展潛力。