Climate Change and Multi-dimensional Sustainability in African Agriculture: Climate Change and Sustainability in Agriculture
為了解決long french crop的問題,作者Lal, Rattan (EDT)/ Kraybill, David (EDT)/ Hansen, David O. (EDT) 這樣論述:
This 35-chapter book is based on several oral and poster presentations including both invited and contributory chapters. The book is thematically based on four pillars of sustainability, with focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Environment, Economic, Social and Institutional. The environmental sustai
nability, which determines economic and social/institutional sustainability, refers to the rate of use of natural resources (soil, water, landscape, vegetation) which can be continued indefinitely without degrading their quality, productivity and ecosystem services for different ecoregions of SSA. T
his book will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the U.N. in SSA. Therefore, the book is of interest to agriculturalists, economists, social scientists, policy makers, extension agents, and development/bilateral organizations. Basic principles explained in the book can be pertinent to
all development organizations.
Rattan Lal, Ph.D., is a Distinguished University Professor of Soil Science and Director of the Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, and an Adjunct Professor of University of Iceland. His current research focus is on climate-resilien
t agriculture, soil carbon sequestration, sustainable intensification, enhancing use efficiency of agroecosystems, and sustainable management of soil resources of the tropics. He received honorary degree of Doctor of Science from Punjab Agricultural University (2001), the Norwegian University of Lif
e Sciences, Aas (2005), and Alecu Russo Balti State University, Moldova (2010). He was president of the World Association of the Soil and Water Conservation (1987-1990), the International Soil Tillage Research Organization (1988-91), the Soil Science Society of America (2005-2007), and is President
Elect of International Union of Soil Science. He was a member of the Federal Advisory Committee on U.S. National Assessment of Climate Change-NCADAC (2010-2013), member of the SERDP Scientific Advisory Board of the US-DOE (2011-), Senior Science Advisor to the Global Soil Forum of Institute for Adva
nced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany (2010-), member of the Advisory Board of Joint Program Initiative of Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI) of the European Union (2013-), and Chair of the Advisory Board of Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and Re
sources of the United Nation University (UNU-FLORES), Dresden, Germany (2014-2017). Prof. Lal was a lead author of IPCC (1998-2000). He has mentored 102 graduate students and 54 postdoctoral researchers, and hosted 140 visiting scholars. He has authored /co-authored 780 refereed journal articles, ha
s written 19 and edited / co-edited 63 books. In 2015, Reuter Thomson listed him among the world’s most influential scientific minds and having citations of publications among top 1% of scientists in agricultural sciences.Bal Ram Singh is a professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at th
e Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB). He earned his M.Sc. degree from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, and his Ph.D. degree from G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India. His program focuses on bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in t
he soil and plant system, fertility management and agricultural sustainability in soils of the tropics and on carbon sequestration in soils under different land uses. He has served as chair of the program board "Soils and Plants" of the Research Council of Norway and the Research and Higher Educatio
n Committee in the department. He was chair of the Cost Action FA0905 on" Mineral Improved Cop Production for Healthy Food and Feed. Dr. Singh is a fellow of ASA and SSSA and a recipient of International SSSA award.Dr. David Kraybill currently serves as project director for the USAID-funded Innovati
ve Agricultural Research Project in Tanzania. His primary research interest is economic development. His work focuses on regional and spatial development processes that interact with markets and national government policies to determine the economic and social wellbeing of individuals, households, a
nd communities. Dr. Kraybill’s recent research includes studies of household poverty, household savings, governmental decentralization, primary and secondary education, and adaptation to climate change. Fluent in French and a Swahili speaker, he has lived in Africa a total of five years, including a
sabbatical year as Fulbright Scholar at Makerere University in Uganda. Kraybill has served as Associate Editor or member of editorial boards of seven academic journals. He has received research and advising awards at Ohio State, and received the International Award of Merit from the Gamma Sigma Del
ta honor society. He has been consultant advisor to World Bank, Rockefeller Foundation, Southeast Consortium for International Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and numerous governments and other organizations. He came to Ohio State in 1992.David Hansen is currently employed by The Ohio S
tate University to oversee the International Agricultural Research Initiative (iAGRI) a major USAID-funded higher education partnership project in Tanzania. Prior to assuming his current responsibilities, he was a Senior Fellow with the Association for Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU), Wash
ington, D.C. His responsibilities there included the Africa-U.S. Higher Education Initiative a which promoted partnerships among U.S. and African Higher Education Institutions to build capacity in Africa. Many of them focused on agriculture, climate change and related areas, such as water, range man
agement and ecosystems services. He collaborates with USAID, World Bank, USDA, land-grant universities and NGO’s to help define the parameters of higher education capacity building within the context of the U.S. Government Feed the Future Initiative. He has dedicated his career to international deve
lopment while at Ohio State University, having previously served as Associate Dean & Director of International Programs in Agriculture for over two decades. In this capacity he helped design and manage major institution building projects in Uganda, India, Swaziland, Mexico and the Dominican Republic
. Early in his career he worked on long-term overseas assignments in Brazil where he served as Deputy Chief-of-Party and Chief-of-Party for institution building projects.Lars Olav Eik is a Professor at Noragric, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of
Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway. After graduating from NMBU in 1982, he joined Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania working on dry season feeding of ruminants and introduction of dairy goat keeping in Tanzania. After this assignment, he returned to NMBU and completed his PhD based on work
with dairy goats in Norway. Since 2005, he has been the Norwegian coordinator for three major research programs in collaboration with SUA. He has also participated in research projects in Ethiopia, Malawi and South Africa. Working together with farmers and private sector, his main interest is multi
functional and innovative production systems for small ruminants, both in tropical and temperate regions. At Zanzibar, he is currently involved in a value-chain research program aiming to link stallholder farmers with upmarket restaurants on the island. In Norway he works with sheep farmers and inde
ed together they have observed that Norwegian lambs slaughtered directly from the mountain pastures have a distinct flavor and fatty acid profile, features that may be used for marketing of Norwegian lamb both in Norway and abroad. He has supervised a number of Ph.D. students, particularly from East
Africa. At his home university he teaches small ruminant nutrition & production systems in temperate and tropical regions.Theodosy Msogoya is an Associate Professor in Horticulture and Plant Propagation in the Department of Crop Science and Production at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania.
He holds a PhD in Applied Plant Biology from the University of Essex in England and a MSc. in Horticulture from the National Institute of Horticulture and Landscaping in France. He teaches ornamental crop production, controlled environment horticulture and plant propagation to undergraduate and gra
duate students. He has supervised over 20 graduate students and has published over 40 papers in areas of plant propagation and postharvest of perishable crops. Currently, he is the Head of the Department of Crop Science and Production at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chairman of the Technical C
ommittee of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables of Tanzania Bureau of Standards and Chairman of its Technical Committee of Processed Fruits and Vegetables. Msogoya is married with three children and lives in Morogoro town in Tanzania.
America’s Best Harvest Pies: Apple, Pumpkin, Berry, and More!
為了解決long french crop的問題,作者Hoskins, Linda/ American Pie Council (CON) 這樣論述:
Since 1995, amateur, commercial, and professional bakers have competed in the National Pie Championships to determine who makes the best pies in America. America's Best Harvest Pies is a collection of 70 delicious recipes that have won awards at the National Pie Championships. Organized by harvest c
rop--apple, pumpkin, raspberry, strawberry, peach, sweet potato, and more--the recipes in this book are sure to inspire a baking frenzy. Bakers will find a selection of unique recipes, such as Peanut Butter-n-Strawberry Explosion Pie and Sweet Tart Cherry Pie. But the classics are well-represented t
oo, with plenty of two-crust, one-crust, and crumb-topped favorites. America's Best Harvest Pies is packed with color photographs of the pies you'll learn to make and love. As a special treat to give you a taste of what the championships are like, many of the photographs are of the actual pies enter
ed in the competition. The recipes inside are clearly explained so that the expert and the future expert piemaker can enjoy alike. Strawberry pies in summer and pumpkin pies in the fall--with this book you'll be serving your friends and family pie all year long Skyhorse Publishing, along with our G
ood Books and Arcade imprints, is proud to publish a broad range of cookbooks, including books on juicing, grilling, baking, frying, home brewing and winemaking, slow cookers, and cast iron cooking. We've been successful with books on gluten-free cooking, vegetarian and vegan cooking, paleo, raw foo
ds, and more. Our list includes French cooking, Swedish cooking, Austrian and German cooking, Cajun cooking, as well as books on jerky, canning and preserving, peanut butter, meatballs, oil and vinegar, bone broth, and more. While not every title we publish becomes a New York Times bestseller or a n
ational bestseller, we are committed to books on subjects that are sometimes overlooked and to authors whose work might not otherwise find a home.
Linda Hoskins has served as the executive director of the American Pie Council since 2000. Along with a strong board of directors, Linda has been respo
nsible for gathering all aspects of the pie industry together for the National Pie Championships, the Great American Pie Festival, and the Pie Industry Seminar. Linda has been a judge for the Food Network and the Travel Channel, and has been named to Baking Management’s Influential 20 in both 2009 a
nd 2011. She is the author of America’s Best Pies and lives in Lake Forest, Illinois.
台灣花蓮縣屋塵中的農藥殘留及其與農業鄰近地區的關係
為了解決long french crop的問題,作者Sailent Rizk Sari Simaremare 這樣論述:
許多相關的研究證實農藥會以家戶灰塵的型態殘留,然而在台灣卻缺少相關性的暴露研究。相對於台灣其他縣市,花蓮縣農業土地面積的比例最高,因此本研究期望藉由評估五大已知會造成非對象植物與蜂群負面效應以及人類淺在負面健康效應的農藥族群進行研究,其中包含:胺基甲酸酯Carbamate (carbofuran), 有機磷Organophosphate (chlorpyrifos), 苯基吡唑Phenylpyrazole (fipronil), 類除蟲菊Pyrethroids (cypermethrin, prallethrin and tetramethrin), 以及尼古丁菸鹼類Neonicotinoi
ds (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam)。本研究有三大目標,包含:(1)以氣相層析串聯質譜儀(GC-MS)偵測胺基甲酸酯、有機磷、苯基吡唑以及類除蟲菊類農藥於花蓮縣住宅區家戶灰塵中的殘留量。(2) 以液相層析串聯質譜儀(LC-ESI-MS)偵測尼古丁菸鹼類於花蓮縣住宅區家戶灰塵中的殘留量。(3)藉由本研究採樣分析之資料以地理資訊分析系統 (Geographic information system (GIS))評估花蓮縣住宅區農藥暴露情形。 本研究以隨機選取的方式,針對花蓮縣七個主要鄉鎮區域(鳳林鎮、玉里鎮、新城
鄉、壽豐鄉、光復鄉、瑞穗鄉以及富里鄉)47個家戶研究參與者,同步進行室內外灰塵的採樣與問卷調查。灰塵樣本以GC-MS或LC-ESI-MS分析,地理資訊系統圖層資料來源為台灣土地利用分類資料庫。本研究使用統計軟體為 SPSS V:23以及Microsoft Office 2017 Excel。家戶室內灰塵樣品中,類除蟲菊與尼古丁菸鹼類的殺蟲劑為最主要被偵測的殺蟲劑類型,其中tetramethrin (偵測率78.7%,平均濃度為83.07 ng/g,)、cypermethrin (偵測率72.3%,平均濃度為60.25 ng/g),acetamiprid (偵測率71.1%,平均濃度為35.46
ng/g)。戶外灰塵樣品中,尼古丁菸鹼類的殺蟲劑為最主要被偵測的殺蟲劑類型,其中acetamiprid (偵測率83.3%,平均濃度為33.96 ng/g) 、imidacloprid(偵測率50.0%,平均濃度為21.95 ng/g),fipronil(偵測率48.9%,平均濃度為25.01 ng/g)。依據問卷調查結果,芬普尼(fipronil)與寵物施用體外寄生蟲(跳蚤)防治藥有顯著相關性、賽滅寧(cypermethrin)則是與室內殺蟲使用有顯著相關性,益達胺(imidacloprid)則是和研究試驗參與者家中是否使用除濕機有顯著分布的差異。此外,“參與者工作是否與農藥暴露相關"以單
變量線性迴歸分析,發現與四種農藥(carbofuran, fipronil, cypermethrin, and tetrameth)在室內灰塵樣品的殘留有顯著相關性(p < 0.05);益達胺(imidacloprid)則是呈現不同的分布情形。以多元線性迴歸的統計方法針對進行分析發現只有賽滅寧(cypermethrin)和芬普尼(fipronil)與“參與者工作是否與農藥暴露相關"有顯著關係(p < 0.05)。加保扶(carbofuran)在家戶室內灰塵的分析中與陶斯松(chlorpyrifos)以及類除蟲菊殺蟲劑(pyrethroid)有相關性,其中加保扶在室內灰塵的樣品分析中與部分殺蟲
劑有弱相關性(賽滅寧: r=0.415、可尼丁(clothianidin): r=0.325與芬普尼: r=0.299)。本研究亦發現四偵測農藥族群(CAR, OP, PP, and PYR)與家戶外灰塵有相關性。部分殺蟲劑在室內與室外的灰塵分析殘留結果中發現相關性,強相關性部分包含陶斯松、芬普林與賽滅寧,r分別是0.78、0.801與0.707)。中至弱相關性部分則包含加保扶與治滅寧(tetramethrin),r分別是0.410與0.613。尼古丁菸鹼類在室內與室外灰塵的殘留分析中則無發現任何相關性。在地理資料圖層分析部分,加保扶在未分類農業使用區圖層的部分與各不同範圍的緩衝圈距離皆有相關
性(50M、150M以及250M);若縮減範圍只針對稻作區圖層同樣與所有緩衝區有相關性。室內灰塵樣品中的治滅寧濃度則與稻作圖層150公尺內的緩衝圈有相關性(0.338),然而室外部分則與150公尺(0.420)與250公尺(0.422)的稻作圖層緩衝區有相關性。室外灰塵亞滅培(acetamiprid)濃度與稻作圖層50公尺內的緩衝圈有相關性,室外灰塵益達安濃度與稻作圖層50與150公尺的緩衝圈則是呈現負相關。此外,陶斯松與廢棄耕地圖層部分的分析則發現,室內灰塵殘留與50~150公尺範圍內的緩衝圈有相關性。家戶灰塵農藥殘留與附近農地的相關性,推測與鄰近農地使用之農藥漂移有關;益達胺產生之負相關,
可能受到家戶環境用藥中益達胺的影響所致。 綜合上述,藉由了解不同的暴露條件與農業土地使用距離可以協助農藥暴露上的評估,降低人類暴露風險。