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Loneliness and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia

為了解決sharp fu-l30t-w評價的問題，作者SRI SUSANTY 這樣論述：

Background: Loneliness and depressive symptoms are the common psychological problems experienced by older adults. Previous studies have indicated that loneliness and depressive symptoms are correlated with poor physical and psychological health outcomes. However, there is a lack of information rega

rding the prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms, and the factors related to these two psychological health problems among community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia.Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms and their associated

factors among older adults who lived in the community in Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and correlational research design was used in this study. Stratified random sampling was applied to 1360 participants who were aged 60 years and over; could read and speak Indonesian or the loca

l language; and could communicate with others in 15 community health centers in Kendari City, Indonesia. The older adults who had psychiatric disorders were excluded. The questionnaires were used to collect data including demographic and characteristic information, Short Portable Mental Status Quest

ionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, and a single-item loneliness question. SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results: The prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms among older adults were 64.0% and 70%, respectivel

y. The older adults who were female, lived with family, had fewer children, had a poor health status, had a poor oral status, had more chronic diseases, had no hearing problems, had poor cognitive function, and had depressive symptoms, had a higher chance of feeling lonely. Moreover, the older peopl

e who lived alone, had no previous employment, had enough income, had missing teeth, had visual problems, had less time to attending leisure activity per month, had better health status, had better cognitive function, had more social support, and had loneliness, were more likely to experience depres

sive symptoms.Conclusions: The prevalence of the loneliness and depressive symptoms were very high in the community-dwelling older adults. This finding indicates that these psychological health problems are very serious in Indonesia. The government, social workers, and healthcare professionals shoul

d pay immediate attention to loneliness and depressive symptoms of older adults. In addition, the findings of this study can provide information for nursing students and nurses to understand the loneliness and depressive symptoms of older population in Indonesia. The appropriate strategies for the p

revention or improvement of loneliness and depressive symptoms should be developed in the near future.

合成吲哚和嘌呤基化合物作為雙效抗癌化合物

為了解決sharp fu-l30t-w評價的問題，作者林昱誠 這樣論述：

ContentsTables, figures and schemes.............................................................. IIAbstract................................................................................. VChapter I Introduction............................................................. 001Chapter II Intr

oduction of HDAC..................................................... 003Chapter III Introduction of HSP90.................................................... 027Chapter IV Purine- based dual inhibitors............................................ 049Chapter V Indole- based dual inhibit

ors............................................ 055Chapter VI Experimental section..................................................... 069 VI.1. Synthetic procedures of all the synthetic compounds in chapter IV.. 073 VI.2. Synthetic procedures of all the synthetic compoun

ds in chapter V... 105Chapter VII References............................................................... 123Appendix 1H Spectrums of all the synthetic compounds in chapter IV-V.............. 14513C Spectrums of all the synthetic compounds in chapter IV...............................

276HRMS spectrums of the synthetic compounds in chapter IV-V................................ 290HPLC spectrums of the synthetic compounds in chapter IV-V................................ 305Tablets, figures and schemesTable I-1 Top ten cause of death in Taiwan of 2020..............................

... 002Table II-1 Diversity of human sirtuins.............................................. 007Table III-1 Regulation of HSP90 function by co-chaperone............................. 032Table III-2 HSP90 protein clients and their role in cancer........................... 036Table V-1 The st

ructure and bioactivity of III-1 and III-2......................... 056Table V-2 The conditions of g step in scheme V-4................................... 062Table V-3 The conditions of c step in scheme V-10.................................. 063Fig II-1 Structure of chromatin................

................................... 003Fig II-2 Regulation of gene expression by HAT and HDAC............................ 004Fig II-3 Classification and structure of human HDACs.............................. 004Fig II-4 The loop L1-L4 of HDAC8 and ribbon diagram of HDAC2 complex

ed with benzamide acid inhibitor............................ 008Fig II-5 Close-up views of the active site of the HDAC8/SAHA...................... 009Fig II-6 Proposed catalytic mechanism acetyllysine catalyzed by HDAC8............. 010Fig II-7 Crystal structure of HDAC8 and HDAC7 in complex w

ith acetylated peptide.. 010Fig II-8 Proposed catalytic mechanism of sirtuins................................. 011Fig II-9 The crystal structure of HDAC8-TSA....................................... 012Fig II-10 The crystal structure of HDAC7-TSA....................................... 012Fig II

-11 The crystal structure of HDAC2 complexed with N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide.......................................... 013Fig II-12 Exit channel of HDAC8.................................................... 013Fig II-13 Multiple tumorigenic pathways activated by HDACs.............

............ 014Fig II-14 Mechanism of HDACs in cancer development................................. 016Fig II-15 Interplay between HDAC6 and HSP90........................................ 019Fig II-16 Pharmacophore requirement for HDAC inhibitors............................ 019Fig II-17 Schem

atic representation of HDLP-TSA interactions........................ 020Fig II-18 Binding model of SAHA and HDAC8.......................................... 021Fig II-19 The examples of HDAC inhibitors with hydroxamic acid group............... 022Fig II-20 The examples of HDAC inhibitors with b

enzamide group..................... 023Fig II-21 The examples of HDAC inhibitors with cyclic tetrapeptide group........... 024Fig II-22 The examples of HDAC inhibitors with short chain fatty acid group........ 024Fig II-23 The examples of HDAC dual inhibitors...................................

.. 025Fig III-1 The structure of HSP90................................................... 027Fig III-2 The structure of HSP90 isoforms.......................................... 028Fig III-3 Function of molecular chaperones such as HSP90........................... 029Fig III-4 The HSP90 chape

rone cycle................................................ 031Fig III-5 The role of HSP90 cycling in regulating the function and turnover of the estrogen receptor.................................... 032Fig III-6 Schematic representations of HSP90 illustrating the bi

nding sites of Cdc37, p23, and Aha1................................ 034Fig III-7 Relationship between HSP90, co-chaperone, client proteins and cancer hallmarks..................................... 035Fig III-8 HSP90 interaction with wild-type and mutant p53........................

.. 036Fig III-9 Crystal structure of HSP90 inhibitors with the HSP90 NTD................. 038Fig III-10 The examples of ansamycin- based HSP90 inhibitor......................... 039Fig III-11 The examples of resorcinol- based HSP90 inhibitors....................... 040Fig III-12 The exa

mples of purine- based HSP90 inhibitors........................... 041Fig III-13 Schematic diagrams of the interactions of II-17 in the NTD of HSP90...... 042Fig III-14 Design a novel purine based HSP90 inhibitors via a “disconnect-rotate-reconnect” technique...................

.............. 043Fig III-15 ATP binding pocket of the HSP90 NTD in complex with II-19................ 044Fig III-16 The examples of benzamide- based HSP90 inhibitors........................ 044Fig III-17 The examples of HSP90 inhibitors which targeting CTD..................... 046Fig III-18

Structures of HSP90 inhibitors which targeting HSP90-co-chaperone interaction........................................... 047Fig IV-1 Experimental design of purine-based dual inhibitor....................... 049Fig IV-2 Synthetic compounds III-2-III-7..............................

............ 050Fig V-1 Experimental design indole-based dual inhibitors......................... 055Fig V-2 Designed target compounds IV-3-IV-6...................................... 056Scheme IV-1 Synthetic route of compounds II-19....................................... 050Scheme IV-2 S

ynthetic route of compounds III-2a, III-3a, and III-4-III-7............. 051Scheme IV-3 Synthetic route of compounds III-2b and III-3b........................... 051Scheme IV-4 Synthetic route of compounds III-10b..................................... 052Scheme IV-5 Synthetic route of compounds

III-10c-III-10f............................. 052Scheme IV-6 Synthetic route of compounds III-10g-III-10j............................. 053Scheme IV-7 Synthetic route of compound III-10k...................................... 053Scheme IV-8 Synthetic route of compound III-10l....................

.................. 054Scheme V-1 Synthetic route of compounds IV-12....................................... 056Scheme V-2 Synthetic route of compounds IV-3a-c and IV4a-c.......................... 057Scheme V-3 Synthetic route of compounds IV-21....................................... 058Scheme

V-4 Synthetic route of compounds IV-5a-c..................................... 059Scheme V-5 Synthetic route of compounds IV-6a-c..................................... 059Scheme V-6 The e and f step in scheme V-2........................................... 060Scheme V-7 The alternative approach

to introduce ethyl group........................ 061Scheme V-8 The i step in scheme V-2................................................. 061Scheme V-9 The g and h step in scheme V-4........................................... 062Scheme V-10 The alternative approach to introduce 4-nitrobenzyl gr

oup................ 063Scheme V-11 Synthetic route of compounds IV-41....................................... 064Scheme V-12 The alternative synthetic route of IV-5a................................. 064Scheme V-13 The alternative synthetic route of IV-5b and IV-5c....................... 065Sch

eme V-14 Synthetic route of compounds IV-46....................................... 065Scheme V-15 The alternative route to synthesize IV-5a................................ 066Scheme V-16 The alternative route to synthesize IV-5b-c.............................. 066Scheme V-17 The alternative

route to synthesize IV-6a................................ 067Scheme V-18 The alternative route to synthesize IV-6b-c.............................. 067