Expectancy theory的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列包括價格和評價等資訊懶人包

Heterochronic Parabiosis: Anti-Aging Plasma Exchange

為了解決Expectancy theory的問題，作者Fu-shihPanM.D.,Ph.D. 這樣論述：

Blood younger be able to anti-aging. Completely reveal the secret of plasma exchange to improve aging problems. 　　◎The first book in the world detailing the development history and clinical application of plasma exchange in solving aging problems. 　　◎Heterochronic Parabiosis is science, not medi

cal. 　 　　◎If you are struggling with aging problems, this book will help you understand the root cause of the problems.  

Successful Aging: A Neuroscientist Explores the Power and Potential of Our Lives

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為了解決Expectancy theory的問題，作者Daniel J Levitin 這樣論述：

　　《迷戀音樂的腦》、《大腦超載時代的思考學》認知心理學大師丹尼爾．列維廷Daniel J. Levitin最新作品 　　步入老年絕不僅是身心各種機能的衰朽，最新神經科學揭曉老化的秘密！ 　　長壽是如今多數社會的現實，我們多能預期自己的人生最終會經歷六十、七十、甚至八九十歲的階段。隨著退休、理財、照護成為火熱議題，人們注重身體機能保健之餘，隨著年紀漸長，我們的大腦又會發生什麼變化？好好地邁向人生後半場，有什麼我們能掌握的秘訣？ 　　根據神經發展學以及群眾心理狀態的綜合研究成果，列維廷帶來新鮮的立論：我們過往所定義為的老年期，其實並不是大腦老化衰退的過程，而是大腦處於另一個發展階段，擁有獨特

的可能性！研究各種老齡樂活的案例，為我們整理出背後的神經科學秘密，也翻轉我們對於老年、及年長者的認知，重新省思，找到發揮其智慧與優勢的方法。濃縮為長保韌性的策略、實用的認知能力提升訓練，讓每個人在年紀增長的過程中都能活用於日常。 　　《迷戀音樂的腦》、《大腦超載時代的思考學》兩本暢銷書，將大腦神經科學與生活相連，《Successful Aging》列維廷再次將最新科學知識，以清晰易懂的風趣敘事，與你我生活最普遍的經歷相連。讓我們重新認識老年的過程如何進行，更指引我們如何規劃自己的人生，讓長壽不僅是生命長度的展延，而是健康、快樂、智識豐足的美好延續。（文／博客來編譯） 　　Author of

the iconic bestsellers This Is Your Brain on Music and The Organized Mind, Daniel Levitin turns his keen insights to what happens in our brains as we age, why we should think about health span, not life span, and, based on a rigorous analysis of neuroscientific evidence, what you can do to make the

most of your seventies, eighties, and nineties today no matter how old you are now.   　　Successful Aging uses research from developmental neuroscience and the psychology of individual differences to show that sixty-plus years is a unique developmental stage that, like infancy or adolescence, has it

s own demands and distinct advantages. Levitin looks at the science behind what we all can learn from those who age joyously, as well as how to adapt our culture to take full advantage of older people's wisdom and experience. Throughout his exploration of what aging really means, Levitin reveals res

ilience strategies and practical, cognitive enhancing tricks everyone should do as they age.   　　The book is packed with accessible and discussable takeaways, providing great material for reading groups and media coverage.   　　Successful Aging inspires a powerful new approach to how readers think ab

out our final decades, and it will revolutionize the way we plan for old age as individuals, family members, and citizens within a society where the average life expectancy continues to rise. Review 　　“Predictions are perilous, but here's one I can make with certainty: Tomorrow you and I will be o

lder than we are today. That’s why you, I, and everyone we know needs this remarkable book. With a scientist’s rigor and a storyteller’s flair, Daniel Levitin offers a fresh approach to growing older. He debunks the idea that aging inevitably brings infirmity and unhappiness and instead offers a tro

ve of practical, evidence-based guidance for living longer and better.  SUCCESSFUL AGING is an essential book for the rest of your life.”—Daniel H. Pink, author of When and Drive 　　"Daniel Levitin explores a wealth of information on the complex biology of aging and presents it in an engaging and ac

cessible manner. Writing with insight, compassion and gentle humor he shows us the positive side of the aging process and how to make the most of the future that awaits us. Essential reading for baby boomers and those who love them."—Drs. Pamela Harzband & Jerome Groopman, Professors, Harvard Medica

l School, authors of Your Medical Mind 　　“This is the book I need now. This is probably the book YOU need now. Levitin beautifully weaves hard science with more subtle, subjective agents of change— compassion, friendship, the redemptive power of work—into a refreshing guide for those of us navigati

ng the penultimate stage of life.”—Rosanne Cash, Four-time Grammy winning singer and songwriter, author of Composed 　　“A wise, insightful, and beautifully written book on how we can navigate the waters of time. Helpful for readers at any age.”—Daniel Gilbert, Professor of Psychology, Harvard Univer

sity, and author of Stumbling on Happiness 　　“If you're planning to age, read this book. Wise, sensitive, and insightful, Levitin shares the tools that allow you to optimize the process.”—David Eagleman, Stanford University neuroscientist, New York Times bestselling author of The Brain and Incognit

o   　　“Growing old may be the only event in life that is both desired and feared. Daniel Levitin alleviates the fear with sound advice that can tilt the balance so that we have more healthy years and fewer sick ones. The brilliance of this book is that Levitin not only tells us what to do and what n

ot to do—he gracefully and eloquently shares the science behind how we can change our minds and brains, and how even small changes can reap large benefits. Share this book—especially with anyone you hope to grow old with.”—Diane Halpern, past-president of the American Psychological Association, prof

essor, Claremont-McKenna College   　　“Here is a “how to” book for everyone's favorite alternative to death—aging. Bringing together the fields of developmental psychology and personality theory, Dr. Levitin shows us how to reach old age as the best version of ourselves: engaged, wise, and creative,

emotionally resilient, cognitively flexible, and happy. SUCCESSFUL AGING is the fountain of youth, although you don't drink it, you read it.”—Eric Kaplan, Emmy-winning comedy writer, The Simpsons, David Letterman, The Big Bang Theory, Young Sheldon 　　“…this book's breadth is impressive. Excellent p

opular science in the service of fending off aging.”—Kirkus 　　“Levitin's narrative ease is once again on display as he masterfully lays out the evidence that what we thought of as old age is in fact a unique developmental stage in which extraordinary contributions become possible.  These years can

include challenges, but they can also reach altogether new heights that neuroscientists are just beginning to see.  Successful Aging is key to a new era of opportunity and joy.”—Stanley Prusiner, M.D. Nobel Laureate, Director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California,

San Francisco 　　“As always, Dan shows his great facility for pulling together different parts of our field and explaining them in a way that makes them accessible to all.”—Brenda Milner, at age 101, professor of neurology, McGill University, professor of psychology, Montreal Neurological Institute

, winner of the Kavli Prize in neuroscience, founder of the field of neuropsychology   　　“Dan Levitin’s latest is an inspiring, hopeful, and useful message—expounding on the best lessons science and art can teach us about how to expand your potential as you age.”—Ben Folds, recording artist and New

York Times Best Seller author of A Dream About Lightning Bugs 　　“In my line of work, good maps are the difference between life and death. Dan’s book is an extraordinary “map” to a place each of us eventually journeys to. In it, he explains and demystifies the aging process in layman’s terms. Don’t

grow old without it.”—General Stanley McChrystal, U.S. Army (Ret.) 　　“We are living longer than past humans, and with this comes undeniable challenges to our physical and mental well-being.  Building on the psychology of personality types and developmental neuroscience, Daniel Levitin will enthrall

you with this fascinating story of how the human brain ages, as he reveals just how rewarding our later years can be.”—Joseph LeDoux, professor of Neural Science at NYU and director of the Emotional Brain Institute at the Nathan Kline Institute, author of Anxious, and The Deep History of Ourselves

  　　“Society for too long has underestimated the value of people in their 70s, 80s, and 90s. Working in tandem with younger colleagues, the political, economic, and creative power we can contribute together could well trigger solutions to our biggest global problems. Daniel Levitin superbly defines

the new longevity in a book that will change the way you think about aging.”—Vicente Fox, 55th President of Mexico   　　“A tour through a huge scientific literature, full of potentially life-changing nuggets, and laced with compelling personal experiences. The good news is that aging need not be drea

ded but can be a time of health and creativity in the decades beyond 70—and Levitin’s got the science to back it up. Read this book. At any age.”—Michael S. Gazzaniga, director of the Sage Center at UC Santa Barbara, author of The Consciousness Instinct   　　“This evolving narrative builds as new top

ics are introduced in reaction to the previous topic, like chord changes in a great piece of music. Levitin's not just offering a compelling narrative, but guiding the reader’s imagination to a larger view of things—and that feels masterful.”—Mike Lankford, author of Becoming Leonardo 　　“Successful

Aging is an ambitious and much-needed call for a “new truth” about aging in the 21st century. Daniel Levitin uses what we now about brain science to make a powerful case for positively transforming how we think about aging. This is a fascinating and vital contribution to doing just that.”—George Vr

adenburg, Chairman & Co-Founder, UsAgainstAlzheimer’s 　　“An eloquent spokesperson for our field. Levitin writes about the brain with an ease and familiarity that is captivating.”—the late David Hubel, Nobel Laureate for work in neuroplasticity 　　“An excellent perspective on aging and aging well. D

an’s ability to combine science with personal insights, and reflections on various experiences of aging, captures the complexity of the subject, while still being easy to read. This fascinating book is especially important for young adults to understand all the aspects that go into healthy aging and

to know that they can influence the outcome, starting at any time.”—Concetta Tomaino, Executive director of the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function, and Associate, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 　　“Dan is a long-time collaborator with us here at Salk, and in Successful Aging, he offer

s a compelling new look at the promise and effects of neuroplasticity. He's at his best here, communicating difficult scientific concepts in a way that anyone can understand. This is why his research talks at the Salk Institute are enormously popular, and everyone is abuzz about them for many months

afterwards.”—Ursula Bellugi, Ph.D., Director, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 　　“Levitin’s book is quite extraordinary, literally. I rarely, if ever, have seen such a rigorous treatment of a health subject.”—David B. Teplow, Professor of Neurology,

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Editor, Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science 　　“Levitin believes the most important factors in predicting how well we might age are conscientiousness, our childhood experiences, exercise (especially outdoors), and social interactions.

His most sage suggestion, nestled at the end of the book, is timeless: "Practice gratitude for what you have."—Booklist Author Daniel J. Levitin, PhD 　　Daniel J. Levitin, PhD, is a neuroscientist, cognitive psychologist, and bestselling author. He is Founding Dean of Arts & Humanities at the Mi

nerva Schools at KGI in San Francisco, and Professor Emeritus of psychology and neuroscience at McGill University. He is the author of This Is Your Brain on Music, The World in Six Songs, The Organized Mind, and A Field Guide to Lies. He divides his time between Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay

Area.

慢性腎臟病人自我效能、社會支持、焦慮、憂鬱與自我管理之相關性研究

為了解決Expectancy theory的問題，作者望舒涵 這樣論述：

背景：全球罹患慢性腎臟病的人口數不斷的增加，台灣每年因為末期腎臟病而需要透析的透析發生率亦逐年上升。慢性腎臟病會增加病人發生心血管疾病及死亡風險，後續也衍伸出需要透析或者腎臟移植的問題，增加龐大的醫療支出。此外，病人也經常面臨了憂鬱、焦慮等心理困擾。研究指出，慢性病自我管理可以增強慢性病人健康行為及健康狀態、改善生活品質，並且降低併發症機率、住院率以及住院天數。自我效能為慢性腎臟病人自我管理行為的關鍵因素，然而目前國內關於慢性腎臟病人的自我效能、社會支持、焦慮憂鬱情形及自我管理之相關性研究有限，尚未有相關之研究探討。目的：探討慢性腎臟病人的自我效能對於社會支持及焦慮、憂鬱情形影響自我管理的中

介效果與相關性。方法：本研究為橫斷式相關性研究，在北臺灣某醫學中心的腎臟內科門診收案。以立意取樣招募慢性腎臟病人，使用自填問卷評估病人社會支持、焦慮、憂鬱、自我效能與自我管理之現況，問卷包括「社會支持量表」、「中文版醫院焦慮憂鬱量表」、「慢性腎臟病人自我效能量表」及「慢性腎臟病人自我管理量表」。基本人口學變項及疾病特性變項進行描述性統計，並分析基本人口學變項、疾病特性、社會支持、焦慮、憂鬱、自我效能與自我管理之關係，以及自我效能之中介效果。結果：本研究收案期間為 111 年 1 月至 111 年 4 月止，共收集 168 份有效問卷，病人平均年齡為 62.99 歲(SD=13.41)，以 CK

D stage 3 居多，eGFR平均為 42.31(SD=23.53) ml/min/1.73m2。慢性腎臟病自我效能量表的平均得分為 193.55 分(SD=38.42)、慢性腎臟病自我管理量表平均得分為 83.43分(SD=15.10)、社會支持量表平均得分為 32.95 分(SD=7.23)、醫院焦慮憂鬱量表平均得分 12.58 分(SD=5.5)，其中焦慮分量表的平均得分為 4.54 分(SD=3.31)，憂鬱分量表的平均得分為 8.03 分(SD=3.35)。複迴歸分析顯示BMI、未戒菸、焦慮、憂鬱以及自我效能為自我管理之預測因子。中介效果分析顯示自我效能為憂鬱及自我管理的部分中介

因子，且為社會支持及自我管理的完全中介因子，焦慮對於自我效能中介效果具有調節作用。結論：BMI、未戒菸、焦慮、憂鬱以及自我效能為自我管理之預測因子，自我效能為憂鬱及自我管理和社會支持及自我管理的中介因子，焦慮情形會干擾社會支持對於自我效能的正向效果。因此，若能提供適當的介入措施，降低病人的焦慮、憂鬱，提升自我效能，則可能增強病人自我管理，幫助疾病控制。