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J3: A Ship’s Boat from the Portus Magnus, Alexandria

為了解決Mast的問題，作者 這樣論述：

J3, a small boat around 6 meters long, was discovered by the Institut Européen d’Archéologie Sous-Marine (IEASM) in the Eastern Harbor of Alexandria, the ancient Portus Magnus. The boat, dating to the 1-2nd century AD, was discovered towards the northeastern end of Antirhodos Island in the sheltered

inner harbor, well preserved in the sediments.The excavation allowed a team from the IEASM to study the wreck in detail, to reveal the details of the construction of this transom sterned vessel. The ship was flat-bottomed with a prominent keel, the surviving length of which was 4.4 m long. The port

side was completely preserved in the center of the boat from the keel through fourteen strakes to the guard rail. Due to the angle that it came to rest on the harbor bottom, only six lines of strakes were preserved on the starboard of J3. The boat was constructed with a well-developed internal stru

cture with 21 preserved frames. The carvel planking of the ship was assembled with mortise-and-tenon joints cut in the middle of the edges of the planks.The preservation of J3 was such that the remains of two thwarts were discovered still in situ with evidence to indicate the presence of a third row

ing bench. These were accompanied by three thole pins set into the guard rail and the final lines of strakes. The boat was preserved with a mast-step, indicating that it could be sailed as well as rowed.A wide variety of carefully chosen wood species were used in its construction and as is typical f

or the Roman period hard woods used for the keel and frames and softwoods for the planking. These species were not native to Egypt, nor were several of them used in shipbuilding in the eastern Mediterranean during the Roman period. Instead, the suite of timbers used would suggest that J3 originated

in a boatyard on the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy.J3 was transporting a large iron anchor at the moment it sank. This occupied almost the entire preserved length of the ship and was carefully positioned with its crown on the decked aft area and the shank under the removable thwarts. It had been disasse

mbled before stowage in J3 with the stock removed and carefully placed in the bottom of the boat. While typologically similar anchors have also been found in anchorages outside of the Portus Magnus, the majority of this type have been found in the western Mediterranean.

Mast進入發燒排行的影片

高齡者最適老化轉化學習歷程研究－ 以繪本說故事為例

為了解決Mast的問題，作者陳翠貞 這樣論述：

高齡者在經歷老化歷程的各種壓力下，善用個人應對能力和通用的復原力資源，發展出功能健康、生活滿意度、人生目的或意義，稱之為最適老化。轉化學習為學習者透過自我反思手段來發展及修正原有的假設、命題、詮釋經驗或對世界的觀點。本研究目的在探索參與繪本培訓及說故事的高齡者，在學習的歷程中，透過與家人、社區或團體接觸，如何轉化學習，進而影響、改變或調適對自己老化的看法。研究方法採半結構式深度訪談之質性研究，研究對象為六位曾參與繪本說故事培訓2次以上，實際進行社區說故事活動一年以上，且有實際在社區說演12次以上，研究期間仍參與說故事活動者。訪談大綱經專家效度確認，以瞭解參與動機、經歷培訓及實際至社區說故事的

經驗、感受及改變；訪談逐字稿以模版編碼分析法。研究結論：繪本說故事培訓課程及活動1.能促進高齡者正向心理及有一定療癒作用；2.能觸發高齡者轉化學習，進而正向影響個人、家庭及社會關係；3.能促進高齡者反思、改變原負向老化想法，進而發展出最適老化觀點。最後，根據研究結論，本研究提出建議針對高齡者、高齡者服務提供者及高齡教育政策研訂者、及未來的研究方向。

Sailing by Starlight: The Remarkable Story of S/V Globe Star

為了解決Mast的問題，作者Scher, Rod 這樣論述：

Rod Scher received his M.Ed from the University of Oregon. A longtime boating enthusiast, writer, and former English teacher, he is an editor for Smart Computing Magazine and author of The Annotated Two Years Before the Mast (Sheridan House, 2013). He lives in Lincoln, Nebraska.

脂肪幹細胞分泌之微囊泡改善環磷醯胺誘導之過動膀胱症

為了解決Mast的問題，作者李孟哲 這樣論述：

膀胱是人體中重要器官之一，主要功能包含暫存尿液及排除含代謝廢物的尿液。隨著年齡增加，高齡人口表現膀胱過動症的比例也隨之遞增，考慮到生活品質降低和社會醫療成本增加，過動膀胱症是一個不可忽視的醫療議題。膀胱過動症為一種泌尿系統疾病，常見症狀如頻尿、尿急、儲尿功能下降，致病原因有很多，如糖尿病、下尿道阻塞、細菌感染以及尿路上皮受損，病 理 上 可 觀 察 到 逼 尿 肌 過度敏感 、 慢 性 發 炎 等 現 象 。 環 磷 醯 胺(Cyclophosphamide, CYP) 作為一種化療藥物，常在組織移植過程作為免疫抑制劑使用，在體內經過代謝後產生丙烯醛 (Acrolein)，經過腎臟濾出後順著

尿液經過膀胱，將對膀胱造成損傷形成出血性膀胱炎，因此使用環磷醯胺作為誘導過動膀胱症的藥物。目前對於過動膀胱症的治療藥物多半伴隨不適的副作用，往往降低病患服藥意願，脂肪幹細胞為脂肪組織中具有自我修復與增殖的細胞群，許多研究注重脂肪幹細胞應用於活體中的作用以及培養脂肪幹細胞時分泌之微囊泡或胞外體應用於實驗研究中。因為自體細胞移植產生較少的免疫排斥、較高的組織相容性等。先前研究已各別使用脂肪幹細胞與脂肪幹細胞分泌之微囊泡治療膀胱缺血大鼠模式，能有效改善大鼠頻尿、缺血、發炎等。本研究欲探討脂肪幹細胞分泌之微囊泡應用於 CYP 誘導出血性膀胱炎中是否具抑制膀胱過度活化以及抗發炎效果。實驗結果顯示脂肪幹細

胞分泌之微囊泡可下調減少第三型毒蕈鹼受體減少膀胱逼尿肌過度活化、減緩頻尿、過敏化的現象和以及下調減少 P2X7 受體表現量以及下游 Caspase 1、IL-1β等發炎路徑中相關分子的表現量，病理上觀察脂肪幹細胞所分泌之微囊泡可以降低免疫細胞浸潤現象、維持尿路上皮完整程度與抑制膀胱纖維化等結果。總結，脂肪幹細胞分泌之微囊泡可以改善CYP 引起之過動膀胱症。