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Sports Law

為了解決Representation的問題，作者Gardiner, Simon/ Boyes, Simon/ O’Leary, John/ Naidoo, Urvasi 這樣論述：

Long established as the market leading textbook on sports law, this new edition continues to offer a comprehensive and authoritative examination of the legal issues surrounding and governing sport. Alert to the role that sport plays within society throughout, this edition is divided into four core P

arts: Governance & Sport, Commercial Regulation, Sports Workplace and Safety in Sport. Written by eminent experts in the field, this book is the go-to resource for academics teaching and researching sports law. The book will use carefully selected extracts to provide students with a contextual under

standing of each topic, while offering clear avenues for further reading and research.Sports law is an optional module, which is most commonly taught in the second and third year of the LLB. It is a fast-growing subject, with student numbers averaging around 50 per year. There are also a variety of

smaller markets for the textbook, including sport and leisure students, and professionals working in sports law and the wider sports industries.Issues covered in this edition include: A concise discussion of the theoretical understanding of the regulation of sport in the context of its history and c

ulture in the UKThe question of nationality, team quotas and the relationship with European employment lawEU compaction law interaction with sport under articles 81/82 EU.The World Anti-Doping Agency code in the context of recent and on-going casesanalysis of recent Court of Arbitration for Sport ju

risprudenceThe increasing occurrence of ADR mechanisms in resolving sporting disputesAn expanded chapter on IP law in sport using London 2012 as a case studyissues around the commercialisation of sportAnti-discrimination provisions in sportGreater recourse to law for participant violence within the

sporting arena Simon Boyes is a Senior Lecturer at Nottingham Law School, Nottingham Trent University. He teaches on Nottingham Law School’s LLM Sports Law, as well as its Sports Law module on the undergraduate law programme. His primary research interests are in the self-regulatory aspects of sp

ort and their relationship with the law. He also has an interest in the relationship between sport and the European Union. Most of his recent published work is in this area, including, ’One Size Fits All? The Myth of a Homogenous European Sports Law’ [2006] 1-2 International Sports Law Journal 16 an

d ’Caught Behind or Following-On? Cricket, the European Union and the ＂Bosman Effect＂’ [2005] 3 Entertainment and Sports Law Journal. Simon Gardiner is a Reader in Sports Law at Leeds Metropolitan University and Senior Research Fellow at the Asser International Sports Law Centre. His particular rese

arch interests include sports governance, racism and the construction of national identity in sport. He has published widely in a number of areas of sports law. He is co-editor of EU, Sport, Law and Policy: Regulation, Re-regulation and Representation, 2nd. ed. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009) (with Pa

rrish, R & Siekmann, R.), and author of ’UK Sports Law’ in Blanpain, R & Hendrickx, F (eds.) International Encyclopaedia of Sports Law (The Hague: Kluwer, 2008). He is editor of the Sport and the Law Journal and on the editorial board of the International Sports Law Journal.Urvasi Naidoo is a sports

lawyer who previously worked for the Salt Lake Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games 2002 in the Brand Protection Department and the International Cricket Council as their In House Lawyer. She is currently employed as the Chief Executive Officer of the International Federation of Netball Associations

.　　 She is a Trustee to Sporting Equals, the only organisation working across the UK to promote opportunities for black and ethnic minorities in sport and physical activity and sits on the Commission for the Future of Women’s Sports. She has published a number of sports law articles and is a regular

speaker/ guest lecturer on her specialist topics: Ambush Marketing, Brand Protection, Constitutional and Regulatory Matters, Dispute Resolution, Disciplinary Measures, Anti Corruption, Sport and Corporate Social Responsibility and Contract. Her interest in the Olympic movement saw her volunteer at

Athens 2004 and Vancouver 2010 and she is down to volunteer again at London 2012.John O’Leary is a Senior Lecturer in Law and member of the International Law Unit at Anglia Ruskin University. He has written extensively and published widely in the areas of doping, stadium safety and sports contracts.

He acts as a consultant to sports governing bodies, was co-author of a report on doping for the European Commission and has advised UK Anti-Doping on Legal aspects of anti-doping regulation. He is editor of Drugs and Doping in Sport: Socio-Legal Perspectives (2000, Cavendish Publishing).Roger Welch

is a visiting research fellow at the University of Portsmouth. His research interests are primarily in the areas of employment law, trade unions rights and sports law, and he has published widely in these areas. His publications in sports law include: ’A Snort and a Puff: Recreational Drugs and Dis

cipline in Professional Sport’, in O’ Leary (ed), Drugs and Doping in Sport, (2001, Cavendish); 　’Player Mobility, the FIFA Transfer Rules and Freedom of Movement’ International Sports Law Review, 2006; ’The Contractual Dynamics of Team Stability Versus Player Mobility: Who Rules ’The Beautiful Game

’? Entertainment and Sports Law Journal, 2007 (with S Gardiner); ’Football, Racism and the Limits of ’Colour Blind’ Law Revisited’, in Burdsey, D. (ed), Ethnicity and Football: Persisting Debates and Emergent Issues (2011, Routledge) (with Simon Gardiner); ’Bosman - There and Back Again: the Legitim

acy of Playing Quotas under European Union Sports Policy’, European Law Journal, 2011, (with Simon Gardiner).

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An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決Representation的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.

The Reform Acts: The Struggle for Democracy

為了解決Representation的問題，作者Richardson, Sarah (EDT) 這樣論述：

The Reform Acts: The Struggle for Democracy, traces the progression of parliamentary and electoral reform during a transformational period of British history between 1760 and 1918. The four-volume collection considers early calls for electoral reform and the motivations behind these as well as th

e responses of those opposed to change. The many facets of reform debated over the period are assessed, including economic reform, the secret ballot, proportional representation, removal of electoral corruption, and universal male and female suffrage. Contributions of key political actors are also a

nalysed including those from John Wilkes, Charles James Fox, William Pitt the Younger, Henry Hunt, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Daniel O'Connell, William Lovett, Annie Besant, Christabel Pankhurst and James Keir Hardie. Alongside these familiar names are the voices of the poor, the unsung, and the unknown

who made impassioned pleas either for or against reform. The volumes acknowledge that the implications of constitutional change reached far beyond Westminster and so examine the impact on Scotland, Ireland and Wales, along with developments in the British Empire. The notion of citizenship (and who i

s fit to be a proper citizen) infused discussions from the mid-eighteenth century onwards. Should property, education, class, race, religion or gender be distinguishing characteristics of those possessing the franchise? And who should decide? These were debates taking place in Parliament but also on

the streets, in the pubs and coffee houses, at the workplace and in the home. The documents selected represent a fascinating snapshot of issues that captivated men and women across Britain for decades.

植基於雲端技術導入內容傳遞網路效益之研究

為了解決Representation的問題，作者王豐偉 這樣論述：

近年來熱門的雲端運算及其網路環境已臻成熟，故企業已不再追求建置私有雲為目標，而是趨向發展以雲端網路技術為基礎的應用服務系統。透過雲端資源的利用率及網路快速回應特性，越來越多的企業將導入更多內容傳遞網路，有效率地將企業網站內容傳遞給客戶，進而為企業創造更多利益。本研究對象為我國金融業某銀行，本研究採個案研究法，探討個案公司企業行銷系統如何運用雲端網路技術導入內容傳遞網路，及導入前所面臨的問題與困難，亦分析導入後所帶來的效益。本研究發現，個案公司運用雲端網路技術導入企業行銷內容傳遞網路服務，可幫助個案公司有效提昇行銷內容網頁快速回應、降低企業營運成本、提昇系統服務水準，提升客戶使用的滿意度。